法律翻譯學(xué)習材料：物權法中英對照

中華人民共和國物權法

Real Right Law of the People’s Republic of China

中華人民共和國主席令第62號

Order of the President of the People’s Republic of China No. 62

《中華人民共和國物權法》已由中華人民共和國第十屆全國人民代表大會(huì )第五次會(huì )議于2007年3月16日通過(guò)，現予公布，自2007年10月1日起施行。

中華人民共和國主席 胡錦濤

二○○七年三月十六日

The Real Right Law of the People’s Republic of China has been adopted at the 5th session of the Tenth National People’s Congress on March 16, 2007. It is hereby promulgated and shall go into effect as of October 1, 2007.

President of the People’s Republic of China

Hu Jintao

March 16, 2007

目　錄

Contents

第一編 總則

Part I General Rules

第一章 基本原則

Chapter I Basic Principles

第二章 物權的設立、變更、轉讓和消滅

Chapter II Creation, Alternation, Alienation and Termination of Real Right

第一節 不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記

Section 1 Reality Registration

第二節 動(dòng)產(chǎn)交付

Section 2 Chattel Delivery

第三節 其他規定

Section 3 Other Rules

第三章 物權的保護

Chapter III Protection of Real Right

第二編 所有權

Part II Ownership

第四章 一般規定

Chapter IV General Rules

第五章 國家所有權和集體所有權、私人所有權

Chapter V State Ownership, Collective Ownership and Private Ownership

第六章 業(yè)主的建筑物區分所有權

Chapter VI Owners’ Partitioned Ownership of Building Areas

第七章 相鄰關(guān)系

Chapter VII Neighboring Relationship

第八章 共有

Chapter VIII Common Ownership

第九章 所有權取得的特別規定

Chapter IX Special Rules on Acquiring Ownership

第三編 用益物權

Part III Usufructuary Rights

第十章 一般規定

Chapter X General Rules

第十一章 土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權

Chapter XI Right to the Contracted Management of Land

第十二章 建設用地使用權

Chapter XII Right to Use Construction Land

第十三章 宅基地使用權

Chapter XIII Right to Use House Sites

第十四章 地役權

Chapter XIV Easement

第四編 擔保物權

Part IV Real Rights for Security

第十五章 一般規定

Chapter XV General Rules

第十六章 抵押權

Chapter XVI Mortgage Right

第一節 一般抵押權

Section 1 General Mortgage Right

第二節 最高額抵押權

Section 2 Mortgage Right at Maximum Amount

第十七章 質(zhì)權

Chapter XVII Pledge Right

第一節 動(dòng)產(chǎn)質(zhì)權

Section 1 Chattel Pledge

第二節 權利質(zhì)權

Section 2 Right Pledge

第十八章 留置權

Chapter XVIII Lien

第五編 占有

Part V Possession

第十九章 占有

Chapter XIX Possession

附則

Supplementary Rules

第一編 總則

Part I General Rules

第一章 基本原則

Chapter I Basic Principles

第一條 為了維護國家基本經(jīng)濟制度，維護社會(huì )主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟秩序，明確物的歸屬，發(fā)揮物的效用，保護權利人的物權，根據憲法，制定本法。

Article 1 In accordance with the Constitution Law, the present Law is enacted with a view to maintaining the basic economic system of the state, protecting the socialist market economic order, clearly defining the attribution of the res, bringing into play the utilities of the res and safeguarding the real right of the right holder.

第二條 因物的歸屬和利用而產(chǎn)生的民事關(guān)系，適用本法。

Article 2 The civil relationships incurred from the attribution and utilization of the res shall be governed by the present Law.

本法所稱(chēng)物，包括不動(dòng)產(chǎn)和動(dòng)產(chǎn)。法律規定權利作為物權客體的，依照其規定。

The term “res” as mentioned in the present Law means realties and chattels. Where it is prescribed in any provision that certain right shall be taken as an object of real right, such provision shall be applicable.

本法所稱(chēng)物權，是指權利人依法對特定的物享有直接支配和排他的權利，包括所有權、用益物權和擔保物權。

The term “real right” as mentioned in the present Law means the exclusive right of direct control over a specific res enjoyed by the holder in accordance with law, including ownership, usufractuary right and real rights for security.

第三條 國家在社會(huì )主義初級階段，堅持公有制為主體、多種所有制經(jīng)濟共同發(fā)展的基本經(jīng)濟制度。

Article 3 In the primary phase of socialism, the state adheres to the basic economic system with the public ownership playing a dominant role and diverse forms of ownership developing side by side.

國家鞏固和發(fā)展公有制經(jīng)濟，鼓勵、支持和引導非公有制經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展。

The public economy shall be consolidated and developed by the state, and the development of the nonpublic economy shall be encouraged, supported and guided.

國家實(shí)行社會(huì )主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟，保障一切市場(chǎng)主體的平等法律地位和發(fā)展權利。

The socialist market economy system shall be practiced by the state as well as the equal legal status and development rights of all market subjects shall be protected.

第四條 國家、集體、私人的物權和其他權利人的物權受法律保護，任何單位和個(gè)人不得侵犯。

Article 4 The real right of the state, collective, individual or any other right holder shall be protected by law, and may not be damaged by any entity or individual.

第五條 物權的種類(lèi)和內容，由法律規定。

Article 5 The varieties and contents of real rights shall be prescribed by law.

第六條 不動(dòng)產(chǎn)物權的設立、變更、轉讓和消滅，應當依照法律規定登記。動(dòng)產(chǎn)物權的設立和轉讓?zhuān)瑧斠勒辗梢幎ń桓丁?/span>

Article 6 The creation, alteration, alienation or termination of the real right of a realty shall be subject to registration in accordance with law. The creation or alienation of the real right of a chattel shall be delivered in accordance with law.

第七條 物權的取得和行使，應當遵守法律，尊重社會(huì )公德，不得損害公共利益和他人合法權益。

Article 7 One shall, when acquiring or exercising a real right, comply with the law, respect social morals and may not infringe upon the public interests or the lawful rights and interests of any other person.

第八條 其他相關(guān)法律對物權另有特別規定的，依照其規定。

Article 8 In case there exists any other special provision in respect of real right in any other law, such special provision shall prevail.

第二章 物權的設立、變更、轉讓和消滅

Chapter II Creation, Alteration, Alienation and Termination of Real Right

第一節 不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記

Section 1 Reality Registration

第九條 不動(dòng)產(chǎn)物權的設立、變更、轉讓和消滅，經(jīng)依法登記，發(fā)生效力；未經(jīng)登記，不發(fā)生效力，但法律另有規定的除外。

Article 9 Until it is registered in accordance with law, the creation, alteration, alienation or termination of the real right of a realty shall come into effect; unless it is otherwise prescribed by any law, it shall have no effect if it is not registered in accordance with law.

依法屬于國家所有的自然資源，所有權可以不登記。

As regards the ownership of the natural resources owned by the state in accordance with law, the registration is not required.

第十條 不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記，由不動(dòng)產(chǎn)所在地的登記機構辦理。

Article 10 The registration of a realty shall be handled by the registration organ at the locality of the realty.

國家對不動(dòng)產(chǎn)實(shí)行統一登記制度。統一登記的范圍、登記機構和登記辦法，由法律、行政法規規定。

A uniform registration system over realties shall be practiced by the state. The scope, organ and measures of uniform registration shall be specified by the related laws and administrative regulations.

第十一條 當事人申請登記，應當根據不同登記事項提供權屬證明和不動(dòng)產(chǎn)界址、面積等必要材料。

Article 11 In light of the different registration items, an applicant shall, when applying for the registration of a realty, provide the ownership certificate of the realty and such necessary materials as the [] and area of the realty.

第十二條 登記機構應當履行下列職責：

Article 12 A registration organ shall perform the duties as follows:

（一） 查驗申請人提供的權屬證明和其他必要材料；

(1) to examine the ownership certificate and other necessary materials as provided by the applicant;

（二） 就有關(guān)登記事項詢(xún)問(wèn)申請人；

(2) to inquire the applicant about the registration items concerned;

（三） 如實(shí)、及時(shí)登記有關(guān)事項；

(3) to register the related items in accordance with the facts and in a timely manner; and

（四） 法律、行政法規規定的其他職責。

(4) other duties as provided for in any law or administrative regulation.

申請登記的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)的有關(guān)情況需要進(jìn)一步證明的，登記機構可以要求申請人補充材料，必要時(shí)可以實(shí)地查看。

In case the related situation of the realty under application for registration needs further proving, the registration organ may request the applicant to provide supplementary materials and conduct on-the-spot inspection where necessary.

第十三條 登記機構不得有下列行為：

Article 13 No registration organ may commit any of the behaviors as follows:

（一） 要求對不動(dòng)產(chǎn)進(jìn)行評估；

(1) to ask for an evaluation of a realty;

（二） 以年檢等名義進(jìn)行重復登記；

(2) to repeatedly register registration in the name of annual inspection; or

（三） 超出登記職責范圍的其他行為。

(3) other behaviors conducted beyond its scope of registration duties.

第十四條 不動(dòng)產(chǎn)物權的設立、變更、轉讓和消滅，依照法律規定應當登記的，自記載于不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記簿時(shí)發(fā)生效力。

Article 14 As regards the creation, alteration, alienation or termination of the real right of a realty, it shall go into effect since the date when it is recorded in the realty register in case the registration thereof is required by law.

第十五條 當事人之間訂立有關(guān)設立、變更、轉讓和消滅不動(dòng)產(chǎn)物權的合同，除法律另有規定或者合同另有約定外，自合同成立時(shí)生效；未辦理物權登記的，不影響合同效力。

Article 15 As regards a contract entered into by the related parties concerned on the creation, alteration, alienation or termination of the real right of a realty, it shall go into effect upon the conclusion of the contract, unless it is otherwise prescribed by any law; and the validity of the contract is not affected, whether the real right has been registered or not.

第十六條 不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記簿是物權歸屬和內容的根據。不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記簿由登記機構管理。

Article 16 The realty register shall be the basis for deciding the ownership and contents of a realty and shall be under the management of the registration organ.

第十七條 不動(dòng)產(chǎn)權屬證書(shū)是權利人享有該不動(dòng)產(chǎn)物權的證明。不動(dòng)產(chǎn)權屬證書(shū)記載的事項，應當與不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記簿一致；記載不一致的，除有證據證明不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記簿確有錯誤外，以不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記簿為準。

Article 17 The realty ownership certificate shall be the evidence for the holder’s ownership of a realty. The items recorded in the realty ownership certificate shall accord with those recorded in the realty register; unless it is proved that there is anything wrong in the realty register, the one recorded therein shall prevail in the case of any inconsistence.

第十八條 權利人、利害關(guān)系人可以申請查詢(xún)、復制登記資料，登記機構應當提供。

Article 18 Any right holder or interested party may file an application for consulting or copying the registration materials, and the registration organ may not reject.

第十九條 權利人、利害關(guān)系人認為不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記簿記載的事項錯誤的，可以申請更正登記。不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記簿記載的權利人書(shū)面同意更正或者有證據證明登記確有錯誤的，登記機構應當予以更正。

Article 19 In case any right holder or interested party holds that there is anything wrong in any item recorded in the realty register, it/he may apply for a correction of the registration. The registration organ shall revise the registration accordingly, in case the holder recorded in the realty register agrees to revise the registration in written form or there is evidence to prove that the registration is wrong.

不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記簿記載的權利人不同意更正的，利害關(guān)系人可以申請異議登記。登記機構予以異議登記的，申請人在異議登記之日起十五日內不起訴，異議登記失效。異議登記不當，造成權利人損害的，權利人可以向申請人請求損害賠償。

The interested party may apply for dissidence registration, in case the holder recorded in the realty register does not agree to the alteration. Where the registration organ grants the dissidence registration but the applicant fails to lodge an action within 15 days as of the date of dissidence registration, the dissidence registration shall lose its effect. In case the dissidence registration is improper and bring into damages to the right holder, the holder may require the applicant to compensate for damages.

第二十條 當事人簽訂買(mǎi)賣(mài)房屋或者其他不動(dòng)產(chǎn)物權的協(xié)議，為保障將來(lái)實(shí)現物權，按照約定可以向登記機構申請預告登記。預告登記后，未經(jīng)預告登記的權利人同意，處分該不動(dòng)產(chǎn)的，不發(fā)生物權效力。

Article 20 In case the related parties entered into a purchase agreement on a premise or the real right of any other realty, they may apply for advance notice registration to the registration organ so as to ensure the realization of the real right in the future. Without the consent of the holder in the advance notice registration, any disposal of the realty, after the advance notice registration, may not produce effect of real right.

預告登記后，債權消滅或者自能夠進(jìn)行不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記之日起三個(gè)月內未申請登記的，預告登記失效。

In case the obligee’s right is terminated after the advance notice registration is made, or the application for the registration of the realty is not filed within 3 months as of the date when it can be registered, the advance notice registration shall lose its effect.

第二十一條 當事人提供虛假材料申請登記，給他人造成損害的，應當承擔賠償責任。

Article 21 In case any related party provides false materials for applying for registration and causes damages to any other person, it/he shall assume the liability for compensation.

因登記錯誤，給他人造成損害的，登記機構應當承擔賠償責任。登記機構賠償后，可以向造成登記錯誤的人追償。

In case any registration organ causes damages to any other person by virtue of any mistake in registration, it shall assume the liability for compensation. The registration organ may, after making the compensation, recover the amount from the person who causes the registration mistake.

第二十二條 不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記費按件收取，不得按照不動(dòng)產(chǎn)的面積、體積或者價(jià)款的比例收取。具體收費標準由國務(wù)院有關(guān)部門(mén)會(huì )同價(jià)格主管部門(mén)規定。

Article 22 Realty registration fees shall be charged on each piece, and may not be charged on the basis of the size, volume or certain proportion of the realty’s value. The concrete charging rates shall be formulated by the related departments in the State Council in collaboration with the competent pricing department.

第二節 動(dòng)產(chǎn)交付

Section 2 Chattel Delivery

第二十三條 動(dòng)產(chǎn)物權的設立和轉讓?zhuān)越桓稌r(shí)發(fā)生效力，但法律另有規定的除外。

Article 23 Unless it is otherwise prescribed by any law, the creation or alienation of the real right of a chattel shall come into effect upon delivery.

第二十四條 船舶、航空器和機動(dòng)車(chē)等物權的設立、變更、轉讓和消滅，未經(jīng)登記，不得對抗善意第三人。

Article 24 The creation, alteration, alienation or termination of the real right of any vessel, aircraft or motor vehicle and so on may not challenge any bona fide third party if it is not registered.

第二十五條 動(dòng)產(chǎn)物權設立和轉讓前，權利人已經(jīng)依法占有該動(dòng)產(chǎn)的，物權自法律行為生效時(shí)發(fā)生效力。

Article 25 In case the right holder has legally possessed the chattel prior to the establishment or alienation of a chattel’s real right, the real right shall come into effect upon the effectiveness of the legal act.

第二十六條 動(dòng)產(chǎn)物權設立和轉讓前，第三人依法占有該動(dòng)產(chǎn)的，負有交付義務(wù)的人可以通過(guò)轉讓請求第三人返還原物的權利代替交付。

Article 26 In case a third party has legally possessed the chattel prior to the establishment or alienation of a chattel’s real right, the person assuming the obligation of delivery may, instead of delivery, alien the right to request the third party to return the original object.

第二十七條 動(dòng)產(chǎn)物權轉讓時(shí)，雙方又約定由出讓人繼續占有該動(dòng)產(chǎn)的，物權自該約定生效時(shí)發(fā)生效力。

Article 27 In case both parties agree to let the alienator continuously possess the chattel when the real right of a chattel is alienated, the real right shall go into effect upon the effectiveness of the agreement.

第三節 其他規定

Section 3 Other Rules

第二十八條 因人民法院、仲裁委員會(huì )的法律文書(shū)或者人民政府的征收決定等，導致物權設立、變更、轉讓或者消滅的，自法律文書(shū)或者人民政府的征收決定等生效時(shí)發(fā)生效力。

Article 28 In case the creation, alteration, alienation or termination of a real right is resulted from a legal document of the people’s court or arbitration committee or a requisition decision of the people’s government, etc, the real right shall come into effect upon the effectiveness of the legal document or the requisition decision of the people’s government.

第二十九條 因繼承或者受遺贈取得物權的，自繼承或者受遺贈開(kāi)始時(shí)發(fā)生效力。

Article 29 In case real right is acquired through inheritance or bequest, it shall go into effect as of the beginning time of the inheritance or bequest.

第三十條 因合法建造、拆除房屋等事實(shí)行為設立或者消滅物權的，自事實(shí)行為成就時(shí)發(fā)生效力。

Article 30 In case a real right is created or terminated as a result of such factual behaviors as the legal construction or premise demolition, it shall come into effect upon the accomplishment of the factual behavior.

第三十一條 依照本法第二十八條至第三十條規定享有不動(dòng)產(chǎn)物權的，處分該物權時(shí)，依照法律規定需要辦理登記的，未經(jīng)登記，不發(fā)生物權效力。

Article 31 As regards a real right of realty enjoyed according to the provisions of Articles 28 through 30 of the present Law, any disposal thereof may not produce effect of real right until it is registered as required by law.

第三章 物權的保護

Chapter III Protection of Real Right

第三十二條 物權受到侵害的，權利人可以通過(guò)和解、調解、仲裁、訴訟等途徑解決。

Article 32 Where a real right is damaged, the right holder may settle the problem by means of conciliation, mediation or arbitration, etc.

第三十三條 因物權的歸屬、內容發(fā)生爭議的，利害關(guān)系人可以請求確認權利。

Article 33 Where any dispute over the ownership or content of real right arises, the interested parties may require the confirmation of the right.

第三十四條 無(wú)權占有不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)的，權利人可以請求返還原物。

Article 34 Where a realty or chattel is under an unauthorized possession, the right holder may require the returning of the original object.

第三十五條 妨害物權或者可能妨害物權的，權利人可以請求排除妨害或者消除危險。

Article 35 In case a real right is under obstruction or may be obstructed, the right holder may require the removing of the impediment or the termination of the danger.

第三十六條 造成不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)毀損的，權利人可以請求修理、重作、更換或者恢復原狀。

Article 36 In case a realty or chattel is damaged, the right holder may require the repairing, remaking, changing or the restoration of the original state.

第三十七條 侵害物權，造成權利人損害的，權利人可以請求損害賠償，也可以請求承擔其他民事責任。

Article 37 In case the infringement upon a real right causes losses to the right holder, the right holder may require the compensation for the losses or the assuming of any other civil liability.

第三十八條 本章規定的物權保護方式，可以單獨適用，也可以根據權利被侵害的情形合并適用。

Article 38 The ways for protecting real right as prescribed in the present Law may apply either independently or jointly in light of the specific situation of an injury of real right.

侵害物權，除承擔民事責任外，違反行政管理規定的，依法承擔行政責任；構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任。

In addition to assuming civil liabilities, any entity or individual infringing upon a real right shall assume the administrative liabilities where it/he violates any provision on administrative regulation; in case any crime is established, it/he shall assume the criminal liabilities.

第二編 所有權

Part II Ownership

第四章 一般規定

Chapter IV General Rules

第三十九條 所有權人對自己的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)，依法享有占有、使用、收益和處分的權利。

Article 39 The owner of a realty or chattel is entitled to possess, utilize, seek profits from and dispose of the realty or chattel in accordance with law.

第四十條 所有權人有權在自己的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)上設立用益物權和擔保物權。用益物權人、擔保物權人行使權利，不得損害所有權人的權益。

Article 40 The owner of a realty or chattel is entitled to establish a usufructuary right or real right for security over the realty or chattel. The holder of usufructuary right or the holder of real right for security may, when exercising the right, not injure the owner ‘s rights and interests.

第四十一條 法律規定專(zhuān)屬于國家所有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)和動(dòng)產(chǎn)，任何單位和個(gè)人不能取得所有權。

Article 41 As regards a realty or chattel that is exclusively owned by the state as prescribed by law, its ownership may not be acquired by any entity or individual.

第四十二條 為了公共利益的需要，依照法律規定的權限和程序可以征收集體所有的土地和單位、個(gè)人的房屋及其他不動(dòng)產(chǎn)。

Article 42 In order to meet the demands of public interests, it is allowed to requisition lands owned collectively, premises owned by entities and individuals or other realties according to the statutory power limit and procedures.

征收集體所有的土地，應當依法足額支付土地補償費、安置補助費、地上附著(zhù)物和青苗的補償費等費用，安排被征地農民的社會(huì )保障費用，保障被征地農民的生活，維護被征地農民的合法權益。

When requisitioning land owned collectively, it is required to, in accordance with law and in full amount, pay land compensation fees, placement subsidies, compensations for the above-ground fixtures of the lands and seedlings and other fees, arrange for social security fees for the farmers with land requisitioned, guarantee their livelihood and protect their lawful rights and interests.

征收單位、個(gè)人的房屋及其他不動(dòng)產(chǎn)，應當依法給予拆遷補償，維護被征收人的合法權益；征收個(gè)人住宅的，還應當保障被征收人的居住條件。

When requisitioning the premises owned by entities and individuals or other realties, it is required to compensate for demolishment and re[] in accordance with law and protect the lawful rights and interests of the owners of the requisitioned realties; when requisitioning the individuals’ residential houses, it is required to guarantee the housing conditions of the owners of the requisitioned houses.

任何單位和個(gè)人不得貪污、挪用、私分、截留、拖欠征收補償費等費用。

The compensation fees for requisition and other fees may not be embezzled, misappropriated, privately shared, detained or delayed in the payment of by any entity or individual.

第四十三條 國家對耕地實(shí)行特殊保護，嚴格限制農用地轉為建設用地，控制建設用地總量。不得違反法律規定的權限和程序征收集體所有的土地。

Article 43 Special protections are provided by the state for farm lands, the conversion of farm lands into construction lands is strictly restricted and the aggregate quantity of construction lands is under control. No one may requisition any land owned collectively with violation of the statutory power limit and procedures.

第四十四條 因搶險、救災等緊急需要，依照法律規定的權限和程序可以征用單位、個(gè)人的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)。被征用的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)使用后，應當返還被征用人。單位、個(gè)人的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)被征用或者征用后毀損、滅失的，應當給予補償。

Article 44 For meeting needs of emergent dangers or disasters, it is allowed for one to use the realties or chattels owned by entities and individuals according to the statutory power limit and procedures. Such realties or chattels shall, after the emergent use, be returned to the owners. In case any realty or chattel owned by any entity or individual is used or damaged or lost after being used, corresponding compensation shall be made.

第五章 國家所有權和集體所有權、私人所有權

Chapter V State Ownership, Collective Ownership and Private Ownership

第四十五條 法律規定屬于國家所有的財產(chǎn)，屬于國家所有即全民所有。

Article 45 As regards the properties that shall be owned by the state as provided for by law, they shall be in the ownership of the state, that is, owned by all the people.

國有財產(chǎn)由國務(wù)院代表國家行使所有權；法律另有規定的，依照其規定。

The State Council shall exercise the ownership of state-owned properties on behalf of the state; in case there is any otherwise provision in any law, such provision shall prevail.

第四十六條 礦藏、水流、海域屬于國家所有。

Article 46 Mineral deposits, waters and sea areas shall be in the ownership of the state.

第四十七條 城市的土地，屬于國家所有。法律規定屬于國家所有的農村和城市郊區的土地，屬于國家所有。

Article 47 Urban lands shall be in the ownership of the state. As regards lands in the rural areas and suburban areas that shall be owned by the state as prescribed by law, they shall be in the ownership of the state.

第四十八條 森林、山嶺、草原、荒地、灘涂等自然資源，屬于國家所有，但法律規定屬于集體所有的除外。

Article 48 Such natural resources as forests, mountains, grasslands, waste lands and tidal flats shall be in the ownership of the state, except for those that shall be in the ownership of collective as provided for by law.

第四十九條 法律規定屬于國家所有的野生動(dòng)植物資源，屬于國家所有。

Article 49 As regards the wildlife resources that shall be owned by the state as provisioned by law, they shall be in the ownership of the state.

第五十條 無(wú)線(xiàn)電頻譜資源屬于國家所有。

Article 50 Radio frequency spectrum resources shall be in the ownership of the state.

第五十一條 法律規定屬于國家所有的文物，屬于國家所有。

Article 51 As regards the cultural relics that shall be owned by the state as provisioned by law, they shall be in the ownership of the state.

第五十二條 國防資產(chǎn)屬于國家所有。

Article 52 National defense assets shall be in the ownership of the state.

鐵路、公路、電力設施、電信設施和油氣管道等基礎設施，依照法律規定為國家所有的，屬于國家所有。

As regards such infrastructures as railways, highways, electric power facilities, telecommunication facilities, and petrol and gas pipelines that shall be owned by the state as provisioned by law, they shall be in the ownership of the state.

第五十三條 國家機關(guān)對其直接支配的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)和動(dòng)產(chǎn)，享有占有、使用以及依照法律和國務(wù)院的有關(guān)規定處分的權利。

Article 53 State organs have the power, in accordance with the laws and the relevant provisions of the State Council, to possess, utilize and dispose of any realty or chattel directly controlled by them.

第五十四條 國家舉辦的事業(yè)單位對其直接支配的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)和動(dòng)產(chǎn)，享有占有、使用以及依照法律和國務(wù)院的有關(guān)規定收益、處分的權利。

Article 54 The public institutions held by the state have the power to possess, utilize, as well as, according to the laws and the relevant provisions of the State Council, seek profits from and dispose of any realty or chattel directly controlled by them.

第五十五條 國家出資的企業(yè)，由國務(wù)院、地方人民政府依照法律、行政法規規定分別代表國家履行出資人職責，享有出資人權益。

Article 55 As regards the enterprises set up with the funds invested in by the state, the State Council and the local people’s governments shall perform and enjoy the contributor’s duties as well as rights and interests on behalf of the state in accordance with the relevant laws and administrative regulations.

第五十六條 國家所有的財產(chǎn)受法律保護，禁止任何單位和個(gè)人侵占、哄搶、私分、截留、破壞。

Article 56 The state-owned properties shall be protected by law, and no entity or individual may encroach, plunder, privately distribute, hold back or damage them.

第五十七條 履行國有財產(chǎn)管理、監督職責的機構及其工作人員，應當依法加強對國有財產(chǎn)的管理、監督，促進(jìn)國有財產(chǎn)保值增值，防止國有財產(chǎn)損失；濫用職權，玩忽職守，造成國有財產(chǎn)損失的，應當依法承擔法律責任。

Article 57 The institutions and working personnel thereof in charge of performing the duties of managing and supervising state-owned assets shall, according to law, strengthen the management and supervision of state-owned assets so as to promote the value maintenance and appreciation prevent the losses thereof; in case any entity or individual causes any loss of state-owned assets by misusing authority or neglecting duty, it/he shall assume legal liabilities in accordance with law.

違反國有財產(chǎn)管理規定，在企業(yè)改制、合并分立、關(guān)聯(lián)交易等過(guò)程中，低價(jià)轉讓、合謀私分、擅自擔?；蛘咭云渌绞皆斐蓢胸敭a(chǎn)損失的，應當依法承擔法律責任。

In case any entity or individual, in the process of enterprise restructuring, merger, division or affiliated transactions, causes losses of state-owned assets by way of transferring at a low price, conspiring to distribute them secretly, providing guarantee with them without authorization or any other way with violation of the provisions on the management of state-owned assets, it/he shall assume legal liabilities in accordance with law.

第五十八條 集體所有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)和動(dòng)產(chǎn)包括：

Article 58 The collectively-owned realties and chattels shall contain:

（一） 法律規定屬于集體所有的土地和森林、山嶺、草原、荒地、灘涂；

(1) Lands, forests, mountains, grasslands, wastelands and tidal flats that shall be in the ownership of collective as provided for by law;

（二） 集體所有的建筑物、生產(chǎn)設施、農田水利設施；

(2) Buildings, production facilities, farmland, and water conservancy facilities that are in the ownership of collective;

（三） 集體所有的教育、科學(xué)、文化、衛生、體育等設施；

(3) Facilities for education, science, culture, sanitation and sports, etc that are in the ownership of collective;

（四） 集體所有的其他不動(dòng)產(chǎn)和動(dòng)產(chǎn)。

(4) Other realties and chattels that are in the ownership of collective.

第五十九條 農民集體所有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)和動(dòng)產(chǎn)，屬于本集體成員集體所有。

Article 59 The realties and chattels that are in the ownership of a farmers’ collective shall be collectively owned by all the members of this collective.

下列事項應當依照法定程序經(jīng)本集體成員決定：

The following issues shall be determined by the members of the collective according to the statutory procedures:

（一） 土地承包方案以及將土地發(fā)包給本集體以外的單位或者個(gè)人承包；

(1) land contracting plan and whether to contract out a land to an entity or individual not included in the collective;

（二） 個(gè)別土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權人之間承包地的調整；

(2) adjustment of the contracted lands among the right holders of the contracted management of land;

（三） 土地補償費等費用的使用、分配辦法；

(3) methods for using and distributing such fees as land compensation fees;

（四） 集體出資的企業(yè)的所有權變動(dòng)等事項；

(4) the alteration of ownership or any other related issue of an enterprise set up with the funds invested in by the collective; and

（五） 法律規定的其他事項。

(5) other issues provided for by any law.

第六十條 對于集體所有的土地和森林、山嶺、草原、荒地、灘涂等，依照下列規定行使所有權：

Article 60 As regards any collectively-owned land, forest, mountain, grassland, wasteland or tidal flat, the ownership thereof shall be exercised according to the provisions as follows:

（一） 屬于村農民集體所有的，由村集體經(jīng)濟組織或者村民委員會(huì )代表集體行使所有權；

(1) In case it is owned by a farmers’ collective of a village, a collective economic organization or the villagers’ committee of the village shall exercise the ownership on behalf of the collective;

（二） 分別屬于村內兩個(gè)以上農民集體所有的，由村內各該集體經(jīng)濟組織或者村民小組代表集體行使所有權；

(2) In case it is owned by two farmers’ collectives or more, all the collective economic organizations or villagers’ groups of the village shall exercise the ownership on behalf of the collective; and

（三） 屬于鄉鎮農民集體所有的，由鄉鎮集體經(jīng)濟組織代表集體行使所有權。

(3) In case it is owned by a farmers’ collective of a town, a collective economic organization of the town shall exercise the ownership on behalf of the collective.

第六十一條 城鎮集體所有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)和動(dòng)產(chǎn)，依照法律、行政法規的規定由本集體享有占有、使用、收益和處分的權利。

Article 61 As regards any realty or chattel owned by an urban collective, this urban collective has the rights to possess, use, seek profits from and dispose of it according to the related laws and administrative regulations.

第六十二條 集體經(jīng)濟組織或者村民委員會(huì )、村民小組應當依照法律、行政法規以及章程、村規民約向本集體成員公布集體財產(chǎn)的狀況。

Article 62 The collective economic organization, villager’s committee or villagers’ group shall, in accordance with the relevant laws, administrative regulations, articles of association and village regulations and villagers’ pledges, publicize the situation of the properties owned by a collective to the members of the collective.

第六十三條 集體所有的財產(chǎn)受法律保護，禁止任何單位和個(gè)人侵占、哄搶、私分、破壞。

Article 63 Collectively-owned properties shall be protected by law, and any entity or individual may not encroach, plunder, privately distribute, hold back or destroy them.

集體經(jīng)濟組織、村民委員會(huì )或者其負責人作出的決定侵害集體成員合法權益的，受侵害的集體成員可以請求人民法院予以撤銷(xiāo)。

Where the legitimate rights and interests of any member of the collective are infringed upon by any decision made by a collective economic organization, villagers’ committee or the principle thereof, such member may require the people’s court to cancel the decision.

第六十四條 私人對其合法的收入、房屋、生活用品、生產(chǎn)工具、原材料等不動(dòng)產(chǎn)和動(dòng)產(chǎn)享有所有權。

Article 64 An individual has the right to own his legal income, premise, household goods, production instruments, raw materials as well as other realties and chattels.

第六十五條 私人合法的儲蓄、投資及其收益受法律保護。

Article 65 The legal savings, investments and the proceeds therefrom of an individual shall be protected by law.

國家依照法律規定保護私人的繼承權及其他合法權益。

An individual’s right of inheritance as well as other legal rights and interests shall be protected by the state in accordance with law.

第六十六條 私人的合法財產(chǎn)受法律保護，禁止任何單位和個(gè)人侵占、哄搶、破壞。

Article 66 An individual’s legal properties shall be protected by law, any entity or individual may not encroach, plunder or destroy them.

第六十七條 國家、集體和私人依法可以出資設立有限責任公司、股份有限公司或者其他企業(yè)。國家、集體和私人所有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)，投到企業(yè)的，由出資人按照約定或者出資比例享有資產(chǎn)收益、重大決策以及選擇經(jīng)營(yíng)管理者等權利并履行義務(wù)。

Article 67 The state, any collective or individual may invest to set up a limited liability company, a company limited by shares or any other form of enterprise. In case the state, a collective or an individual invest the realties or chattels it owns in an enterprise, the contributor shall, in accordance with the agreement or on the basis of his proportion of investment, enjoy rights such as obtaining asset returns, making important decisions and selecting operators and managers and perform their duties.

第六十八條 企業(yè)法人對其不動(dòng)產(chǎn)和動(dòng)產(chǎn)依照法律、行政法規以及章程享有占有、使用、收益和處分的權利。

Article 68 In accordance with the laws, administrative regulations and its articles of association, An enterprise legal person is entitled to possess, utilize, seek profits from and dispose of any realty or chattel it owns.

企業(yè)法人以外的法人，對其不動(dòng)產(chǎn)和動(dòng)產(chǎn)的權利，適用有關(guān)法律、行政法規以及章程的規定。

As regards the rights over the realties and chattels owned by a legal person other than an enterprise legal person, the provisions of the related laws, administrative regulations and its articles of associations shall apply.

第六十九條 社會(huì )團體依法所有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)和動(dòng)產(chǎn)，受法律保護。

Article 69 The realties and chattels owned by social organizations in accordance with law shall be protected by law.

第六章 業(yè)主的建筑物區分所有權

Chapter VI Owners’ Partitioned Ownership of Building Areas

第七十條 業(yè)主對建筑物內的住宅、經(jīng)營(yíng)性用房等專(zhuān)有部分享有所有權，對專(zhuān)有部分以外的共有部分享有共有和共同管理的權利。

Article 70 As regards such exclusive parts within the buildings as the residential houses or the houses used for business purposes, an owner shall enjoy the ownership thereof, while as regards the common parts other than the exclusive parts, the owner shall have common ownership and the common management right thereof.

第七十一條 業(yè)主對其建筑物專(zhuān)有部分享有占有、使用、收益和處分的權利。業(yè)主行使權利不得危及建筑物的安全，不得損害其他業(yè)主的合法權益。

Article 71 An owner is entitled to possess utilize, seek profits from and dispose of the exclusive parts of the building. Any owner may not endanger the safety of the building or infringe upon the lawful rights and interests of any other owner when exercising his or its rights.

第七十二條 業(yè)主對建筑物專(zhuān)有部分以外的共有部分，享有權利，承擔義務(wù)；不得以放棄權利不履行義務(wù)。

Article 72 An owner enjoys the rights and assumes the obligations over the common parts other than the exclusive parts of the building, and may not reject performing the obligations under the pretext of abandoning rights.

業(yè)主轉讓建筑物內的住宅、經(jīng)營(yíng)性用房，其對共有部分享有的共有和共同管理的權利一并轉讓。

In case an owner alienates his residential house or the house used for business purposes within the building, the common ownership and the common management right enjoyed by him/her over the common parts shall be alienated at the same time.

第七十三條 建筑區劃內的道路，屬于業(yè)主共有，但屬于城鎮公共道路的除外。建筑區劃內的綠地，屬于業(yè)主共有，但屬于城鎮公共綠地或者明示屬于個(gè)人的除外。建筑區劃內的其他公共場(chǎng)所、公用設施和物業(yè)服務(wù)用房，屬于業(yè)主共有。

Article 73 The roads within the building zone, except for the public roads of cities and towns, shall be commonly owned by the owners. The green lands within the building area, except for the public green lands of cities and towns or those which are definitely ascribed to individuals, shall be commonly owned by all the owners. The other public places, common facilities and houses used for realty services within the building zone shall be commonly owned by all the owners.

第七十四條 建筑區劃內，規劃用于停放汽車(chē)的車(chē)位、車(chē)庫應當首先滿(mǎn)足業(yè)主的需要。

Article 74 The parking places and garages within the building area planned for parking cars shall be used to meet the needs of the owners above all else.

建筑區劃內，規劃用于停放汽車(chē)的車(chē)位、車(chē)庫的歸屬，由當事人通過(guò)出售、附贈或者出租等方式約定。

The ownership of the parking places and garages shall be agreed upon by the related parties in the manners of selling, complementary using or leasing, etc.

占用業(yè)主共有的道路或者其他場(chǎng)地用于停放汽車(chē)的車(chē)位，屬于業(yè)主共有。

The parking places, which occupy the roads or other fields commonly owned by all owners, shall be in the common ownership of all the owners.

第七十五條 業(yè)主可以設立業(yè)主大會(huì )，選舉業(yè)主委員會(huì )。

Article 75 The owners may set up an owners’ assembly and vote for an owners’ committee.

地方人民政府有關(guān)部門(mén)應當對設立業(yè)主大會(huì )和選舉業(yè)主委員會(huì )給予指導和協(xié)助。

For the establishment of the owners’ assembly and the vote of the owners’ committee, the related departments under the local people’s governments shall provide guidance and assistance.

第七十六條 下列事項由業(yè)主共同決定：

Article 76 The following matters shall be commonly determined by all owners:

（一） 制定和修改業(yè)主大會(huì )議事規則；

(1) to formulate and revise the rules of procedure for the owners’ assembly;

（二） 制定和修改建筑物及其附屬設施的管理規約；

(2) to formulate and revise the stipulations on managing the building and affiliated facilities thereof;

（三） 選舉業(yè)主委員會(huì )或者更換業(yè)主委員會(huì )成員；

(3) to vote for the owners’ committee or alter the members thereof t;

（四） 選聘和解聘物業(yè)服務(wù)企業(yè)或者其他管理人；

(4) to hire or fire the realty service enterprise or any other manager;

（五） 籌集和使用建筑物及其附屬設施的維修資金；

(5) to raise or use the funds for maintaining the building and affiliated facilities thereof;

（六） 改建、重建建筑物及其附屬設施；

(6) to rebuild the building or any of its affiliated facilities;

（七） 有關(guān)共有和共同管理權利的其他重大事項。

(7) other important matters on the common ownership and the common management right.

決定前款第五項和第六項規定的事項，應當經(jīng)專(zhuān)有部分占建筑物總面積三分之二以上的業(yè)主且占總人數三分之二以上的業(yè)主同意。決定前款其他事項，應當經(jīng)專(zhuān)有部分占建筑物總面積過(guò)半數的業(yè)主且占總人數過(guò)半數的業(yè)主同意。

For making a decision on matters prescribed in Item (5) or (6) of the preceding paragraph, the consent of the 2/3 or more of the total owners with exclusive parts accounting for 2/3 or more of the total area of the building shall be obtained. For making a decision on any other issue prescribed in the preceding paragraph, the consent of half of the total owners with exclusive parts accounting for half of the total area of the building shall be obtained.

第七十七條 業(yè)主不得違反法律、法規以及管理規約，將住宅改變?yōu)榻?jīng)營(yíng)性用房。業(yè)主將住宅改變?yōu)榻?jīng)營(yíng)性用房的，除遵守法律、法規以及管理規約外，應當經(jīng)有利害關(guān)系的業(yè)主同意。

Article 77 Any owner may not alter a residential house into a house used for business purposes with violation of any law, regulation or management stipulation. An owner shall, when changing a residential house into a house used for business purposes, obtain the consent of the interested owners, in addition to complying with the laws, regulations and management stipulations.

第七十八條 業(yè)主大會(huì )或者業(yè)主委員會(huì )的決定，對業(yè)主具有約束力。

Article 78 Decisions made by the owners’ assembly or the owners’ committee are binding to each owner.

業(yè)主大會(huì )或者業(yè)主委員會(huì )作出的決定侵害業(yè)主合法權益的，受侵害的業(yè)主可以請求人民法院予以撤銷(xiāo)。

In case the legitimate rights and interests of any owner has been injured by any decision made by the owners’ assembly or the owners’ committee, the injured owner may require the people’s court to cancel the decision.

第七十九條 建筑物及其附屬設施的維修資金，屬于業(yè)主共有。經(jīng)業(yè)主共同決定，可以用于電梯、水箱等共有部分的維修。維修資金的籌集、使用情況應當公布。

Article 79 The funds for maintaining a building and affiliated facilities thereof shall be commonly owned by the owners of the building. The funds may, upon the codetermination of the owners, be used for maintaining such common parts as elevators and water tanks. The circumstance about the raise and use of the maintenance funds shall be released to the owners.

第八十條 建筑物及其附屬設施的費用分攤、收益分配等事項，有約定的，按照約定；沒(méi)有約定或者約定不明確的，按照業(yè)主專(zhuān)有部分占建筑物總面積的比例確定。

Article 80 As regards such matters as the expenses al[] and the proceeds distribution of a building or any of its affiliated facilities, in case there exists any stipulation for these, such stipulation shall apply; in the case of no stipulation or unclear stipulation, these matters shall be determined in accordance with the proportion of each owner’s exclusive parts to the total area of the building.

第八十一條 業(yè)主可以自行管理建筑物及其附屬設施，也可以委托物業(yè)服務(wù)企業(yè)或者其他管理人管理。

Article 81 The owners of a building may manage the building and affiliated facilities thereof by themselves or they may entrust a realty service enterprise or any other manager to conduct the management.

對建設單位聘請的物業(yè)服務(wù)企業(yè)或者其他管理人，業(yè)主有權依法更換。

As regards the realty service enterprise or any other manager hired by the construction entity, the owners are entitled to alter it in accordance with law.

第八十二條 物業(yè)服務(wù)企業(yè)或者其他管理人根據業(yè)主的委托管理建筑區劃內的建筑物及其附屬設施，并接受業(yè)主的監督。

Article 82 The realty service enterprise or any other manager shall, upon the strength of the owners’ entrustment, manage the building and affiliated facilities thereof within the building area and accept the owners’ supervision.

第八十三條 業(yè)主應當遵守法律、法規以及管理規約。

Article 83 The owners shall comply with the laws, regulations and management stipulations.

業(yè)主大會(huì )和業(yè)主委員會(huì )，對任意棄置垃圾、排放污染物或者噪聲、違反規定飼養動(dòng)物、違章搭建、侵占通道、拒付物業(yè)費等損害他人合法權益的行為，有權依照法律、法規以及管理規約，要求行為人停止侵害、消除危險、排除妨害、賠償損失。業(yè)主對侵害自己合法權益的行為，可以依法向人民法院提起訴訟。

As regards any act infringing upon the lawful rights and interests of other persons, such as discarding wastes at will, discharging atmospheric pollutants and noise, breeding animals with violation of the related regulations, illegally building shelters, occupying passages or rejecting paying realty management fees, etc, the owners’ assembly and the owners’ committee have the right, in accordance with the relevant laws, regulations and management stipulations, to request the actor to stop the infringing act, terminate the danger, remove the impediments and make compensation for the losses. Where any owner’s legitimate rights and interests are infringed upon, he/she may lodge an action to the people’s court in accordance with law.

第七章 相鄰關(guān)系

Chapter VII Neighboring Relationship

第八十四條 不動(dòng)產(chǎn)的相鄰權利人應當按照有利生產(chǎn)、方便生活、團結互助、公平合理的原則，正確處理相鄰關(guān)系。

Article 84 A neighboring right holder of a realty shall, in accordance with the principles of facilitating production and livelihood, solidarity and mutual aid, as well as fairness and equity, handle the neighboring relationship in a correct manner.

第八十五條 法律、法規對處理相鄰關(guān)系有規定的，依照其規定；法律、法規沒(méi)有規定的，可以按照當地習慣。

Article 85 In case there exists any legal provision on the disposal of neighboring relationship, such provision shall apply; in the case of no such provision,, the neighboring relationship shall be disposed of in light of the local customs.

第八十六條 不動(dòng)產(chǎn)權利人應當為相鄰權利人用水、排水提供必要的便利。

Article 86 The holder of a realty shall provide necessary convenience for the neighboring right holders in terms of the use of water and drainage.

對自然流水的利用，應當在不動(dòng)產(chǎn)的相鄰權利人之間合理分配。對自然流水的排放，應當尊重自然流向。

As regards the utilization of natural running water, the neighboring right holders of a realty shall rationally distribute it. The natural current direction shall be respected when draining natural running water.

第八十七條 不動(dòng)產(chǎn)權利人對相鄰權利人因通行等必須利用其土地的，應當提供必要的便利。

Article 87 Necessary conveniences shall be provided by the right holder of a realty where a neighboring right holder has to use his land by virtue of passage or for any other reason.

第八十八條 不動(dòng)產(chǎn)權利人因建造、修繕建筑物以及鋪設電線(xiàn)、電纜、水管、暖氣和燃氣管線(xiàn)等必須利用相鄰土地、建筑物的，該土地、建筑物的權利人應當提供必要的便利。

Article 88 In case the right holder of a realty has to use a neighboring land or building by virtue of the construction or repairing of a building, or the laying of wires, cables, water pipes, heating pipelines or fuel gas pipelines, etc, necessary convenience shall be provided by the right holder of such land or building.

第八十九條 建造建筑物，不得違反國家有關(guān)工程建設標準，妨礙相鄰建筑物的通風(fēng)、采光和日照。

Article 89 When constructing a building, no entity or individual may block the ventilation, lighting or sunshine of any neighboring building with violation of the relevant engineering construction standards of the state.

第九十條 不動(dòng)產(chǎn)權利人不得違反國家規定棄置固體廢物，排放大氣污染物、水污染物、噪聲、光、電磁波輻射等有害物質(zhì)。

Article 90 No holder of realty may discard solid wastes or discharge such harmful substances as atmospheric pollutants, water pollutants, noise, light and magnetic radiation with violation of the related provisions of the state.

第九十一條 不動(dòng)產(chǎn)權利人挖掘土地、建造建筑物、鋪設管線(xiàn)以及安裝設備等，不得危及相鄰不動(dòng)產(chǎn)的安全。

Article 91 The right holder of the realty may not, when excavating a land, constructing a building, laying a pipeline or installing an equipment, endanger the safety of any neighboring realty.

第九十二條 不動(dòng)產(chǎn)權利人因用水、排水、通行、鋪設管線(xiàn)等利用相鄰不動(dòng)產(chǎn)的，應當盡量避免對相鄰的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)權利人造成損害；造成損害的，應當給予賠償。

Article 92 Where the right holder of a realty has to use a neighboring realty by virtue of using water, drainage, passage or laying pipelines, etc, he shall make more efforts to avoid causing any damage to the right holder of the neighboring realty; He shall make corresponding compensations in case any damage is caused.

第八章 共有

Chapter VIII Common Ownership

第九十三條 不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)可以由兩個(gè)以上單位、個(gè)人共有。共有包括按份共有和共同共有。

Article 93 A realty or chattel may be commonly owned by two or more entities or individuals. Common ownership contains several co-ownership and joint ownership.

第九十四條 按份共有人對共有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)按照其份額享有所有權。

Article 94 As regards a commonly owned realty or chattel, a several co-owner shall, on the basis of his proportion, enjoy the ownership of the realty or chattel.

第九十五條 共同共有人對共有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)共同享有所有權。

Article 95 As regards a commonly owned realty or chattel, a joint owner shall, on a common basis, enjoy the ownership of the realty or chattel.

第九十六條 共有人按照約定管理共有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)；沒(méi)有約定或者約定不明確的，各共有人都有管理的權利和義務(wù)。

Article 96 The co-owners shall manage the commonly owned realty or chattel in accordance with stipulation; in the case of no or unclear stipulation,, all co-owners have the right and obligation of management.

第九十七條 處分共有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)以及對共有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)作重大修繕的，應當經(jīng)占份額三分之二以上的按份共有人或者全體共同共有人同意，但共有人之間另有約定的除外。

Article 97 As regards the disposal or heavy repair of a commonly owned realty or chattel, unless it is stipulated otherwise by the co-owners, the consent of the several co-owners holding 2/3 shares or all joint owners shall be obtained.

第九十八條 對共有物的管理費用以及其他負擔，有約定的，按照約定；沒(méi)有約定或者約定不明確的，按份共有人按照其份額負擔，共同共有人共同負擔。

Article 98 As regards the management expenses or any other liabilities of a commonly owned res, in case there exists any stipulation on these, such stipulation shall apply; in the case of no or unclear stipulation, the expenses shall be assumed by the several co-owners in accordance with their respective shares or commonly assumed by all joint owners.

第九十九條 共有人約定不得分割共有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)，以維持共有關(guān)系的，應當按照約定，但共有人有重大理由需要分割的，可以請求分割；沒(méi)有約定或者約定不明確的，按份共有人可以隨時(shí)請求分割，共同共有人在共有的基礎喪失或者有重大理由需要分割時(shí)可以請求分割。因分割對其他共有人造成損害的，應當給予賠償。

Article 99 Where the co-owners of a commonly owned realty or chattel has stipulated that it is not allowed to partition the realty or chattel so as to maintain the relationship of common ownership, such stipulation shall apply; but where any co-owner has certain significant reasons for partitioning the realty or chattel, he may request the partition; in the case of no or unclear stipulation, a several co-owner may request the partition at any time, and a joint owner may request the partition where the basis for the common ownership disappears or he has certain significant reasons. In case any damage is caused by the partition causes to any other person, the corresponding compensation shall be made.

第一百條 共有人可以協(xié)商確定分割方式。達不成協(xié)議，共有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)可以分割并且不會(huì )因分割減損價(jià)值的，應當對實(shí)物予以分割；難以分割或者因分割會(huì )減損價(jià)值的，應當對折價(jià)或者拍賣(mài)、變賣(mài)取得的價(jià)款予以分割。

Article 100 The co-owners of a commonly owned realty or chattel may decide on through negotiation the way of partition. The real object shall be partitioned in case no agreement is achieved and the realty or chattel may be partitioned without impacting its value,;, the partition shall be executed by distributing the purchase price obtained from converting its value into money, the auction or selling off the realty or chattel in case it is difficult to partition it or its value would be affected because of the partition.

共有人分割所得的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)有瑕疵的，其他共有人應當分擔損失。

Where the realty or chattel, which is obtained from the partition of a commonly owned realty or chattel by a co-owner, has any flaw, the other co-owners shall assume the losses together.

第一百零一條 按份共有人可以轉讓其享有的共有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)份額。其他共有人在同等條件下享有優(yōu)先購買(mǎi)的權利。

Article 101 A several co-owner may alienate his share of the commonly owned realty or chattel. And the other several co-owners have the preemptive right for purchase on an equal footing.

第一百零二條 因共有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)產(chǎn)生的債權債務(wù)，在對外關(guān)系上，共有人享有連帶債權、承擔連帶債務(wù)，但法律另有規定或者第三人知道共有人不具有連帶債權債務(wù)關(guān)系的除外；在共有人內部關(guān)系上，除共有人另有約定外，按份共有人按照份額享有債權、承擔債務(wù)，共同共有人共同享有債權、承擔債務(wù)。償還債務(wù)超過(guò)自己應當承擔份額的按份共有人，有權向其他共有人追償。

Article 102 As regards an obligee’s right or a debt generated from a commonly owned realty or chattel, unless it is otherwise prescribed by any law or the third party is aware of the fact that the co-owner does not have the relationship of joint and several creditor’s right or debt, a co-owner shall enjoy joint and several creditor’s right or undertake joint and several debt in terms of external relationship. In terms of the internal relationship among the co-owners, unless it is otherwise stipulated by the co-owners, a co-owner shall enjoy the creditor’s right or undertake the debt on the basis of his own share, while joint owners shall enjoy the creditor’s right or undertake the debt on a common basis. In case any several co-owner overpays his share of the debt, he/she has the right to recover the overpaid amount from the other co-owners.

第一百零三條 共有人對共有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)沒(méi)有約定為按份共有或者共同共有，或者約定不明確的，除共有人具有家庭關(guān)系等外，視為按份共有。

Article 103 In case the co-owners does not stipulate whether the commonly owned realty or chattel is under several co-ownership or joint ownership, or if the stipulation is unclear, unless there is a family relationship among the co-owners, it shall be considered as a several co-ownership.

第一百零四條 按份共有人對共有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)享有的份額，沒(méi)有約定或者約定不明確的，按照出資額確定；不能確定出資額的，視為等額享有。

Article 104 A several co-owner’s share of a commonly owned realty or chattel shall be decided on according to his contribution amount in the case of no or unclear stipulation; each several co-owner shall enjoy an equal share where it is impossible to determine the contribution amount.

第一百零五條 兩個(gè)以上單位、個(gè)人共同享有用益物權、擔保物權的，參照本章規定。

Article 105 In case two or more entities or individuals commonly own the usufractuary right or real right for security of a realty or chattel, the provisions in this Chapter shall be applicable by reference.

第九章 所有權取得的特別規定

Chapter IX Special Provisions on Acquiring Ownership

第一百零六條 無(wú)處分權人將不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)轉讓給受讓人的，所有權人有權追回；除法律另有規定外，符合下列情形的，受讓人取得該不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)的所有權：

Article 106 In case a person unauthorized to dispose a realty or chattel alienates the realty or chattel to an assignee, the owner is entitled to recover the realty or chattel. The assignee shall obtain the ownership of the realty or chattel if meeting all of the following conditions, unless it is otherwise prescribed by law:

（一） 受讓人受讓該不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)時(shí)是善意的；

(1) to accept the realty or chattel in good faith;

（二） 以合理的價(jià)格轉讓?zhuān)?/span>

(2) to purchase the realty or chattel at a reasonable price; and

（三） 轉讓的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)依照法律規定應當登記的已經(jīng)登記，不需要登記的已經(jīng)交付給受讓人。

(3) in case registration is required by law, the alienated realty or chattel shall have been registered, while in case registration is not required, the delivery thereof shall have been accomplished.

受讓人依照前款規定取得不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)的所有權的，原所有權人有權向無(wú)處分權人請求賠償損失。

In case, according to the preceding paragraph, an assignee obtains the ownership of a realty or chattel, the original owner may require the person unauthorized to dispose of the realty or chattel to compensate for his losses.

當事人善意取得其他物權的，參照前兩款規定。

In case a related party obtains any other form of real right in good faith, the preceding two paragraphs shall apply by reference.

第一百零七條 所有權人或者其他權利人有權追回遺失物。該遺失物通過(guò)轉讓被他人占有的，權利人有權向無(wú)處分權人請求損害賠償，或者自知道或者應當知道受讓人之日起二年內向受讓人請求返還原物，但受讓人通過(guò)拍賣(mài)或者向具有經(jīng)營(yíng)資格的經(jīng)營(yíng)者購得該遺失物的，權利人請求返還原物時(shí)應當支付受讓人所付的費用。權利人向受讓人支付所付費用后，有權向無(wú)處分權人追償。

Article 107 The owner or any other holder has the right to recover a lost property. In case the lost property is possessed by any other person through alienation, the owner has the right to require the person unauthorized to dispose of the property to compensate for damages, or, ask the assignee to return the original property within 2 years as of the date when he knows who is the assignee. But in case the assignee purchases the lost property through auction or from a qualified operator, the holder shall, when requiring the returning of the original property, pay the assignee the amount that the assignee has paid for purchasing the property. After paying the amount, the owner has the right to recover the amount from the person unauthorized to dispose of the property.

第一百零八條 善意受讓人取得動(dòng)產(chǎn)后，該動(dòng)產(chǎn)上的原有權利消滅，但善意受讓人在受讓時(shí)知道或者應當知道該權利的除外。

Article 108 After a bona fide assignee obtains a realty, the original rights on the realty shall be terminated, unless the bona fide assignee has already been or ought to be aware of the right when the transfer is made.

第一百零九條 拾得遺失物，應當返還權利人。拾得人應當及時(shí)通知權利人領(lǐng)取，或者送交公安等有關(guān)部門(mén)。

Article 109 A lost-and-found object shall be returned to the right holder. The person finding such object shall inform the right holder to claim the object or hand it over to such related departments as the public security department in time.

第一百一十條 有關(guān)部門(mén)收到遺失物，知道權利人的，應當及時(shí)通知其領(lǐng)??；不知道的，應當及時(shí)發(fā)布招領(lǐng)公告。

Article 110 After receiving a lost-and-found object, the related department shall notify the right holder to claim the object in a timely manner in case it knows who is the right holder; it shall publish an announcement on the claiming of the lost property in a timely manner in case it does not know.

第一百一十一條 拾得人在遺失物送交有關(guān)部門(mén)前，有關(guān)部門(mén)在遺失物被領(lǐng)取前，應當妥善保管遺失物。因故意或者重大過(guò)失致使遺失物毀損、滅失的，應當承擔民事責任。

Article 111 The person who finds the object shall properly keep it before it is handed over to the related department, and the related department also shall do so before it is claimed by the right holder. Where the object is injured or lost deliberately or for gross negligence, the personnel concerned shall assume the civil liabilities.

第一百一十二條 權利人領(lǐng)取遺失物時(shí)，應當向拾得人或者有關(guān)部門(mén)支付保管遺失物等支出的必要費用。

Article 112 The right holder of the object, when obtaining a lost-and-found object, shall pay the person who finds the object or the related department such necessary expenses as the cost for safekeeping the object.

權利人懸賞尋找遺失物的，領(lǐng)取遺失物時(shí)應當按照承諾履行義務(wù)。

Where a right holder promises to offering a reward for finding the object, he shall, when claiming the object, perform the obligation of granting the reward.

拾得人侵占遺失物的，無(wú)權請求保管遺失物等支出的費用，也無(wú)權請求權利人按照承諾履行義務(wù)。

Where the person who finds the object misappropriates the lost object, he/she shall be deprived of the right to ask for paying the expenses he/she has paid for safekeeping the object or require the holder to perform the obligation as promised.

第一百一十三條 遺失物自發(fā)布招領(lǐng)公告之日起六個(gè)月內無(wú)人認領(lǐng)的，歸國家所有。

Article 113 In case a lost-and-found object fails to be claimed within 6 months as of the date when the claiming announcement o is published, it shall be owned by the state.

第一百一十四條 拾得漂流物、發(fā)現埋藏物或者隱藏物的，參照拾得遺失物的有關(guān)規定。文物保護法等法律另有規定的，依照其規定。

Article 114 As regards the finding of a drifter or the discovery of an object buried underground or a hidden property, the relevant provisions on the finding of a lost-and-found property shall apply by analogy. Where there is any other provision in such laws as the law concerning the protection of cultural relics, such provisions shall prevail.

第一百一十五條 主物轉讓的，從物隨主物轉讓?zhuān)斒氯肆碛屑s定的除外。

第三編 用益物權 Part III Usufructuary Right

第十章 一般規定 Chapter X General Rules

第一百一十七條 用益物權人對他人所有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)，依法享有占有、使用和收益的權利。

Article 117 As regards the realty or chattel owned by someone else, a usufructuary right holder is entitled to possess, use and seek proceeds from it in accordance with law.

第一百一十八條 國家所有或者國家所有由集體使用以及法律規定屬于集體所有的自然資源，單位、個(gè)人依法可以占有、使用和收益。 Article 118 As regards the natural resources that are owned by the state or that are owned by the state but used by the collective as well as those that are owned by the collective as prescribed by law, an entity or individual may possess, use and seek proceeds from them.

第一百一十九條 國家實(shí)行自然資源有償使用制度，但法律另有規定的除外。 Article 119 Unless it is otherwise prescribed by any law, the state practices the system of paid use of natural resources.

第一百二十條 用益物權人行使權利，應當遵守法律有關(guān)保護和合理開(kāi)發(fā)利用資源的規定。所有權人不得干涉用益物權人行使權利。 Article 120 When exercising right, a usufructuary right holder shall comply with the provisions on protecting, reasonably exploring and utilizing resources as provided for in the laws. When the usufructuary right holder exercises rights, the owner may not intervene in.

第一百二十一條 因不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)被征收、征用致使用益物權消滅或者影響用益物權行使的，用益物權人有權依照本法第四十二條、第四十四條的規定獲得相應補償。 Article 121 Where the usufructuary right is terminated or its exercise is affected for reasons of expropriation or requisition, the usufructuary right holder has the right to obtain corresponding compensations in accordance with Articles 42 and 44 of the present Law.

第一百二十二條 依法取得的海域使用權受法律保護。 Article 122 The lawfully obtained right to use sea areas shall be under the protection of law.

第一百二十三條 依法取得的探礦權、采礦權、取水權和使用水域、灘涂從事養殖、捕撈的權利受法律保護。 Article 123 The mineral prospecting right, the mining right, the water intake right and the right to use water areas or tidal flats for breeding or fishery shall be under the protection of law.

第十一章 土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權 Chapter XI Right to the Contracted Management of Land

第一百二十四條 農村集體經(jīng)濟組織實(shí)行家庭承包經(jīng)營(yíng)為基礎、統分結合的雙層經(jīng)營(yíng)體制。 Article 124 Such a dual operation system, under which centralized operation and decentralized operation are combined on the basis of household contracted management, shall be practiced by any rural economic organization.

農民集體所有和國家所有由農民集體使用的耕地、林地、草地以及其他用于農業(yè)的土地，依法實(shí)行土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)制度。 As regards the cultivated land, wood land, grassland, and other land for agricultural uses that are owned by farmers’ collectives as well as those that are owned by the state and used by farmers’ collectives, the system of land contracted management shall be adopted.

第一百二十五條 土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權人依法對其承包經(jīng)營(yíng)的耕地、林地、草地等享有占有、使用和收益的權利，有權從事種植業(yè)、林業(yè)、畜牧業(yè)等農業(yè)生產(chǎn)。 Article 125 The holder of the right to the contracted management of land has the right to possess, utilize and seek proceeds from the cultivated land, wood land and grassland, etc. under the contracted management thereof, and is entitled to such agricultural production activities as the planting, forestry, stockbreeding, etc.

第一百二十六條 耕地的承包期為三十年。草地的承包期為三十年至五十年。林地的承包期為三十年至七十年；特殊林木的林地承包期，經(jīng)國務(wù)院林業(yè)行政主管部門(mén)批準可以延長(cháng)。 Article 126 The contractual term of cultivated land shall be 30 years. The contractual term of grassland shall be 30 up to 50 years. The contractual term of wood land shall be 30 up to 70 years. The contractual term of special forest land may, upon approval of the forestry administrative department under the State Council, be extended.

前款規定的承包期屆滿(mǎn)，由土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權人按照國家有關(guān)規定繼續承包。 After the contractual term as referred to in the preceding paragraph expires, the holder of the right to the contracted management of land may, according to the relevant provisions of the state, contract continuously.

第一百二十七條 土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權自土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權合同生效時(shí)設立。 Article 127 The right to the contracted management of land shall be established since the contract thereon goes into effect.

縣級以上地方人民政府應當向土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權人發(fā)放土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權證、林權證、草原使用權證，并登記造冊，確認土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權。 The local people’s government at the country level or above shall issue a certificate of the right to the contracted management of land, a forestry right certificate or a grassland-use right certificate to the holder, register it in the brochure so as to confirm such rights.

第一百二十八條 土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權人依照農村土地承包法的規定，有權將土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權采取轉包、互換、轉讓等方式流轉。流轉的期限不得超過(guò)承包期的剩余期限。未經(jīng)依法批準，不得將承包地用于非農建設。 Article 128 The holder of the right to the contracted management of land has the right, in accordance with the provisions in the law on the contracting of rural land, to circulate his/her such right. The circulated term may not be more than the remnant term of the original contract. Any contracted land may not be used for non-agricultural constructions without approval.

第一百二十九條 土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權人將土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權互換、轉讓?zhuān)斒氯艘蟮怯浀?，應當向縣級以上地方人民政府申請土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權變更登記；未經(jīng)登記，不得對抗善意第三人。 Article 129 In case the right to the contracted management of land is circulated by means of exchange or transfer, where the parties concerned require for the registration of such circulation, an application for the alteration registration thereof shall be filed to the local people’s government at the county level or above. Without such registration, neither party may challenge any third party with good faith.

第一百三十條 承包期內發(fā)包人不得調整承包地。 Article 130 The contract-letting party may not readjust the contracted land within the duration of a contract.

因自然災害嚴重毀損承包地等特殊情形，需要適當調整承包的耕地和草地的，應當依照農村土地承包法等法律規定辦理。 In case it is necessary to readjust the cultivated land or grassland as contracted by virtue of such especial events as natural calamities that have materially injured the contracted land, a readjustment may, in accordance with the legal provisions in the law on the contracting of rural land and other related laws, be carried out.

第一百三十一條 承包期內發(fā)包人不得收回承包地。農村土地承包法等法律另有規定的，依照其規定。 Article 131 The contract-letting party may not take back the contracted land within the term of the contract. In case there exists any otherwise provision in the law on the contracting of rural land or any other law, such provision shall prevail.

第一百三十二條 承包地被征收的，土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權人有權依照本法第四十二條第二款的規定獲得相應補償。 Article 132 In case a contracted land is expropriated, the holder of the right to the contracted management of such land has the right to obtain corresponding compensations in accordance with Paragraph 2 of Article 42 in the present Law.

第一百三十三條 通過(guò)招標、拍賣(mài)、公開(kāi)協(xié)商等方式承包荒地等農村土地，依照農村土地承包法等法律和國務(wù)院的有關(guān)規定，其土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權可以轉讓、入股、抵押或者以其他方式流轉。 Article 133 As regards the barren land or other rural land that is contracted through bid invitation, auction, or open negotiation, etc, the right to the contracted management thereof may, according to the law on the contracting of rural land and other laws as well the related regulations of the State Council, be circulated by means of alienation, lease, equity contribution, or mortgage, etc.

第一百三十四條 國家所有的農用地實(shí)行承包經(jīng)營(yíng)的，參照本法的有關(guān)規定。 Article 134 In case the contracted management is conducted over any state-owned rural land, the related provisions in the present Law shall apply by analogy.

第十二章 建設用地使用權 Chapter XII Right to Use Construction Land

第一百三十五條 建設用地使用權人依法對國家所有的土地享有占有、使用和收益的權利，有權利用該土地建造建筑物、構筑物及其附屬設施。 Article 135 The holder of the right to use construction land has the right to possess, use and seek proceeds from the land owned by the state, and shall be entitled to the construction of buildings, fixtures and their auxiliary facilities by making use of such land.

第一百三十六條 建設用地使用權可以在土地的地表、地上或者地下分別設立。新設立的建設用地使用權，不得損害已設立的用益物權。 Article 136 The right to use construction land may be created separately on the surface of or above or under the land. The newly-established one may not injure the usufructuary right that has already been established.

第一百三十七條 設立建設用地使用權，可以采取出讓或者劃撥等方式。 Article 137 The right to use construction land may be created through transfer or allotment, etc.

工業(yè)、商業(yè)、旅游、娛樂(lè )和商品住宅等經(jīng)營(yíng)性用地以及同一土地有兩個(gè)以上意向用地者的，應當采取招標、拍賣(mài)等公開(kāi)競價(jià)的方式出讓。 As regards the land used for purposes of industry, business, entertainment or commercial dwelling houses, etc. as well as the land with two or more intended users, the alienation thereof shall adopt such means as auction, bid invitation or any other public bidding method.

嚴格限制以劃撥方式設立建設用地使用權。采取劃撥方式的，應當遵守法律、行政法規關(guān)于土地用途的規定。 It is severely restrained to create the right to use construction land through allotment. For adopting such means, the provisions on land uses in the laws and administrative regulations shall be observed.

第一百三十八條 采取招標、拍賣(mài)、協(xié)議等出讓方式設立建設用地使用權的，當事人應當采取書(shū)面形式訂立建設用地使用權出讓合同。 Article 138 In case the right to use construction land is created through auction, bid invitation, or agreement, etc., the related parties shall conclude a written contract on the transfer of such right.

建設用地使用權出讓合同一般包括下列條款： In general, a contract on transfer of the right to use construction land shall contain the items as follows:

（一） 當事人的名稱(chēng)和住所； (1) name and domicile of the parties concerned;

（二） 土地界址、面積等； (2) [] and acreage, etc. of the land;

（三） 建筑物、構筑物及其附屬設施占用的空間； (3) space to be covered by buildings, fixtures and affiliated facilities thereof;

（四） 土地用途； (4) use purposes;

（五） 使用期限； (5) use term;

（六） 出讓金等費用及其支付方式； (6) payment methods for allotment fees and other fees; and

（七） 解決爭議的方法。 (7) dispute settlement method.

第一百三十九條 設立建設用地使用權的，應當向登記機構申請建設用地使用權登記。建設用地使用權自登記時(shí)設立。登記機構應當向建設用地使用權人發(fā)放建設用地使用權證書(shū)。 Article 139 For establishing the right to use construction land, an application for registering such right shall be submitted to the registration organ. The right to use construction land shall be established as of the accomplishment of such registration. A certificate on the right to use construction land shall be issued by the registration organ to the holder of the right to use construction land.

第一百四十條 建設用地使用權人應當合理利用土地，不得改變土地用途；需要改變土地用途的，應當依法經(jīng)有關(guān)行政主管部門(mén)批準。 Article 140 The holder of the right to use construction land shall reasonably use the land and may not alter the use purpose. In case the purpose of land use needs to be altered, the approval of the relevant administrative department shall be obtained.

第一百四十一條 建設用地使用權人應當依照法律規定以及合同約定支付出讓金等費用。 Article 141 The holder of the right to use construction land shall, according to the legal provisions and the contract, pay transfer fees and other fees.

第一百四十二條 建設用地使用權人建造的建筑物、構筑物及其附屬設施的所有權屬于建設用地使用權人，但有相反證據證明的除外。 Article 142 As regards the buildings, fixtures and their affiliated facilities built by the holder of the right to use construction land, the holder shall enjoy the ownership thereof, unless it is otherwise proved by any contrary evidence.

第一百四十三條 建設用地使用權人有權將建設用地使用權轉讓、互換、出資、贈與或者抵押，但法律另有規定的除外。 Article 143 Unless it is otherwise prescribed by any law, the holder of the right to use construction land has the right to alienate, exchange, use as equity contributions, endow or mortgage the right to use construction land.

第一百四十四條 建設用地使用權轉讓、互換、出資、贈與或者抵押的，當事人應當采取書(shū)面形式訂立相應的合同。使用期限由當事人約定，但不得超過(guò)建設用地使用權的剩余期限。 Article 144 For alienating, exchanging, using as equity contribution, endowing, or mortgaging the right to use construction land, the parties shall enter into a corresponding written contract. The parties concerned may make stipulations on the contractual term, but which may not exceed the remnant term as stipulated in the contract on transfer of the right to use construction land.

第一百四十五條 建設用地使用權轉讓、互換、出資或者贈與的，應當向登記機構申請變更登記。 Article 145 For alienating, exchanging, using as equity contribution, endowing, or mortgaging the right to use construction land, an application for alteration registration shall be submitted to the registration organ.

第一百四十六條 建設用地使用權轉讓、互換、出資或者贈與的，附著(zhù)于該土地上的建筑物、構筑物及其附屬設施一并處分。 Article 146 When alienating, exchanging, using as equity contribution, endowing, or mortgaging the right to use construction land, the buildings, fixtures and affiliated facilities thereof on such land shall be disposed of at the same time.

第一百四十七條 建筑物、構筑物及其附屬設施轉讓、互換、出資或者贈與的，該建筑物、構筑物及其附屬設施占用范圍內的建設用地使用權一并處分。 Article 147 When alienating, exchanging, using as equity contribution, endowing, or mortgaging the buildings, fixtures and affiliated facilities thereof, the right to use construction land covered by the aforesaid buildings, fixtures and affiliated facilities thereof shall be disposed of at the same time.

第一百四十八條 建設用地使用權期間屆滿(mǎn)前，因公共利益需要提前收回該土地的，應當依照本法第四十二條的規定對該土地上的房屋及其他不動(dòng)產(chǎn)給予補償，并退還相應的出讓金。 Article 148 Before the term of the right to use construction land expires, where it is necessary to take back the land in advance by virtue of public interests, compensations shall, according to Article 42 of this Law, be given to the houses and other realties on such land, and corresponding land transfer fees shall be returned back.

第一百四十九條 住宅建設用地使用權期間屆滿(mǎn)的，自動(dòng)續期。 Article 149 When the term of the right to use construction land for dwelling houses expires, it shall be renewed automatically.

非住宅建設用地使用權期間屆滿(mǎn)后的續期，依照法律規定辦理。該土地上的房屋及其他不動(dòng)產(chǎn)的歸屬，有約定的，按照約定；沒(méi)有約定或者約定不明確的，依照法律、行政法規的規定辦理。 As regards the term of the right to use construction land not for dwelling houses, the renewing shall be subject to legal provisions. In case there exists any stipulation on the ownership of houses and other realties on the aforesaid land, such stipulation shall prevail; in the case of no or unclear such stipulation, the ownership shall be determined in accordance with the provisions in the laws and administrative regulations.

第一百五十條 建設用地使用權消滅的，出讓人應當及時(shí)辦理注銷(xiāo)登記。登記機構應當收回建設用地使用權證書(shū)。 Article 150 Where the right to use construction land is terminated, the transferor shall go through deregistration formalities in time, and the certificate on the right to use construction land shall be taken back by the registration organ.

第一百五十一條 集體所有的土地作為建設用地的，應當依照土地管理法等法律規定辦理。 Article 151 Where a piece of collectively-owned land is used as construction land, it shall be handled in accordance with the law on land administration and other related laws.

第十三章 宅基地使用權 Chapter XIII Right to Use House Sites

第一百五十二條 宅基地使用權人依法對集體所有的土地享有占有和使用的權利，有權依法利用該土地建造住宅及其附屬設施。 Article 152 The holder of the right to use house sites has the right to possess and use land owned by a collective, and to construct residential houses and affiliated facilities thereof by utilizing such land.

第一百五十三條 宅基地使用權的取得、行使和轉讓?zhuān)m用土地管理法等法律和國家有關(guān)規定。 Article 153 For acquiring, exercising and alienating the right to use house sites, the law on land administration, other related laws and the related provisions of the state shall apply.

第一百五十四條 宅基地因自然災害等原因滅失的，宅基地使用權消滅。對失去宅基地的村民，應當重新分配宅基地。 Article 154 The right to use house site shall be terminated where a house site is terminated by virtue of any natural disaster, etc.. A villager losing a house site shall be allotted a house site again.

第一百五十五條 已經(jīng)登記的宅基地使用權轉讓或者消滅的，應當及時(shí)辦理變更登記或者注銷(xiāo)登記。 Article 155 The alteration or cancellation registration shall be made in time in the case of the alienation or termination of a registered right to use house sites.

第十四章 地役權 Chapter XIV Easement

第一百五十六條 地役權人有權按照合同約定，利用他人的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)，以提高自己的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)的效益。 Article 156 An easement holder shall, according to the contract, be entitled to utilize the realty of someone else so as to enhance the efficiency of his own realty.

前款所稱(chēng)他人的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)為供役地，自己的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)為需役地。 The term “realty of someone else” as referred to in the preceding Paragraph shall be the servient tenement, and “one’s own realty” shall be the dominant tenement.

第一百五十七條 設立地役權，當事人應當采取書(shū)面形式訂立地役權合同。 Article 157 For establishing an easement, the parties concerned shall enter into an written easement contract.

地役權合同一般包括下列條款： In general, an easement contract shall contain the items as follows:

（一） 當事人的姓名或者名稱(chēng)和住所； (1) name and domicile of the related parties;

（二） 供役地和需役地的位置； (2) []s of servient tenement and dominant tenement;

（三） 利用目的和方法； (3) purposes of use and methods;

（四） 利用期限； (4) use term;

（五） 費用及其支付方式； (5) fees and payment method; and

（六） 解決爭議的方法。 (6) dispute settlement method.

第一百五十八條 地役權自地役權合同生效時(shí)設立。當事人要求登記的，可以向登記機構申請地役權登記；未經(jīng)登記，不得對抗善意第三人。 Article 158 The easement shall be established since the easement contract comes into effect. Where the related parties considers that the registration thereof is necessary, they may apply to the registration organ for easement registration; otherwise, they may not challenge any third party with good faith.

第一百五十九條 供役地權利人應當按照合同約定，允許地役權人利用其土地，不得妨害地役權人行使權利。 Article 159 The holder of servient tenement shall allow an easement holder to use his/its land in accordance with the contract, and may not hamper the latter from exercising the right.

第一百六十條 地役權人應當按照合同約定的利用目的和方法利用供役地，盡量減少對供役地權利人物權的限制。 Article 160 An easement holder shall, according to the purposes and methods as stipulated in the contract, use the servient tenement, and make efforts to reduce the real right restrictions on the holder of the servient tenement.

第一百六十一條 地役權的期限由當事人約定，但不得超過(guò)土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權、建設用地使用權等用益物權的剩余期限。 Article 161 The easement term shall be stipulated by the related parties, however, it can not be longer than the remnant term of such usufructuary rights as the right to the contracted management of land, the right to use construction land, etc.

第一百六十二條 土地所有權人享有地役權或者負擔地役權的，設立土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權、宅基地使用權時(shí)，該土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權人、宅基地使用權人繼續享有或者負擔已設立的地役權。 Article 162 As regards the easement enjoyed or assumed by the owner of the land, where the right to the contracted management of land or the right to use house site is created, holders of such rights the right to the contracted management of land or rights may continuously enjoy or assume such established easement.

第一百六十三條 土地上已設立土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權、建設用地使用權、宅基地使用權等權利的，未經(jīng)用益物權人同意，土地所有權人不得設立地役權。 Article 163 Where any such usufructuary right as the right to the contracted management of land, the right to use house site, etc on the land has already been established, the land owner may, without consent of the aforesaid usufructuary right holder, not establish any easement.

第一百六十四條 地役權不得單獨轉讓。土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權、建設用地使用權等轉讓的，地役權一并轉讓?zhuān)贤碛屑s定的除外。 Article 164 The easement may not be transferred alone. Unless it is otherwise stipulated by the contract, where any such usufructuary right as the right to the contracted management of land, the right to use construction land, the right to use house site, etc is alienated, the easement shall be alienated at the same time.

第一百六十五條 地役權不得單獨抵押。土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權、建設用地使用權等抵押的，在實(shí)現抵押權時(shí)，地役權一并轉讓。 Article 165 The easement may not be mortgaged alone. Where the right to the contracted management of land or the right to use construction land, etc. is mortgaged, when such mortgage is realized, the easement shall be alienated simultaneously.

第一百六十六條 需役地以及需役地上的土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權、建設用地使用權部分轉讓時(shí)，轉讓部分涉及地役權的，受讓人同時(shí)享有地役權。 Article 166 When the dominant tenement as well as the right to the contracted management of land, the right to use construction land or the right to use house site thereon are partially alienated, the transferee shall enjoy the easement simultaneously in case the easement is involved in the alienated part,.

第一百六十七條 供役地以及供役地上的土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權、建設用地使用權部分轉讓時(shí)，轉讓部分涉及地役權的，地役權對受讓人具有約束力。 Article 167 When the servient tenement as well as the right to the contracted management of land, the right to use construction land thereon are partially alienated, the easement shall be binding on the alienatee if the easement is involved in alienated part.

第一百六十八條 地役權人有下列情形之一的，供役地權利人有權解除地役權合同，地役權消滅： Article 168 The holder of the servient tenement has the right to rescind the easement contract in case an easement holder is under any of the following circumstances, and the easement shall be terminated:

（一） 違反法律規定或者合同約定，濫用地役權； (1) to go against the legal provisions or the contract, or misuse the easement; or

（二） 有償利用供役地，約定的付款期間屆滿(mǎn)后在合理期限內經(jīng)兩次催告未支付費用。 (2) as regards the paid use of servient tenement, upon expiration of the stipulated time limit for payment, fails to pay fees within a reasonable period for two times after being urged to do so.

第一百六十九條 已經(jīng)登記的地役權變更、轉讓或者消滅的，應當及時(shí)辦理變更登記或者注銷(xiāo)登記。 Article 169 For changing, alienating or eliminating the registered easement, the alteration or cancellation registration shall be go through in a timely manner.

第三編 用益物權 Part III Usufructuary Right

第十章 一般規定 Chapter X General Rules

第一百一十七條 用益物權人對他人所有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)，依法享有占有、使用和收益的權利。

Article 117 As regards the realty or chattel owned by someone else, a usufructuary right holder is entitled to possess, use and seek proceeds from it in accordance with law.

第一百一十八條 國家所有或者國家所有由集體使用以及法律規定屬于集體所有的自然資源，單位、個(gè)人依法可以占有、使用和收益。 Article 118 As regards the natural resources that are owned by the state or that are owned by the state but used by the collective as well as those that are owned by the collective as prescribed by law, an entity or individual may possess, use and seek proceeds from them.

第一百一十九條 國家實(shí)行自然資源有償使用制度，但法律另有規定的除外。 Article 119 Unless it is otherwise prescribed by any law, the state practices the system of paid use of natural resources.

第一百二十條 用益物權人行使權利，應當遵守法律有關(guān)保護和合理開(kāi)發(fā)利用資源的規定。所有權人不得干涉用益物權人行使權利。 Article 120 When exercising right, a usufructuary right holder shall comply with the provisions on protecting, reasonably exploring and utilizing resources as provided for in the laws. When the usufructuary right holder exercises rights, the owner may not intervene in.

第一百二十一條 因不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)被征收、征用致使用益物權消滅或者影響用益物權行使的，用益物權人有權依照本法第四十二條、第四十四條的規定獲得相應補償。 Article 121 Where the usufructuary right is terminated or its exercise is affected for reasons of expropriation or requisition, the usufructuary right holder has the right to obtain corresponding compensations in accordance with Articles 42 and 44 of the present Law.

第一百二十二條 依法取得的海域使用權受法律保護。 Article 122 The lawfully obtained right to use sea areas shall be under the protection of law.

第一百二十三條 依法取得的探礦權、采礦權、取水權和使用水域、灘涂從事養殖、捕撈的權利受法律保護。 Article 123 The mineral prospecting right, the mining right, the water intake right and the right to use water areas or tidal flats for breeding or fishery shall be under the protection of law.

第十一章 土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權 Chapter XI Right to the Contracted Management of Land

第一百二十四條 農村集體經(jīng)濟組織實(shí)行家庭承包經(jīng)營(yíng)為基礎、統分結合的雙層經(jīng)營(yíng)體制。 Article 124 Such a dual operation system, under which centralized operation and decentralized operation are combined on the basis of household contracted management, shall be practiced by any rural economic organization.

農民集體所有和國家所有由農民集體使用的耕地、林地、草地以及其他用于農業(yè)的土地，依法實(shí)行土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)制度。 As regards the cultivated land, wood land, grassland, and other land for agricultural uses that are owned by farmers’ collectives as well as those that are owned by the state and used by farmers’ collectives, the system of land contracted management shall be adopted.

第一百二十五條 土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權人依法對其承包經(jīng)營(yíng)的耕地、林地、草地等享有占有、使用和收益的權利，有權從事種植業(yè)、林業(yè)、畜牧業(yè)等農業(yè)生產(chǎn)。 Article 125 The holder of the right to the contracted management of land has the right to possess, utilize and seek proceeds from the cultivated land, wood land and grassland, etc. under the contracted management thereof, and is entitled to such agricultural production activities as the planting, forestry, stockbreeding, etc.

第一百二十六條 耕地的承包期為三十年。草地的承包期為三十年至五十年。林地的承包期為三十年至七十年；特殊林木的林地承包期，經(jīng)國務(wù)院林業(yè)行政主管部門(mén)批準可以延長(cháng)。 Article 126 The contractual term of cultivated land shall be 30 years. The contractual term of grassland shall be 30 up to 50 years. The contractual term of wood land shall be 30 up to 70 years. The contractual term of special forest land may, upon approval of the forestry administrative department under the State Council, be extended.

前款規定的承包期屆滿(mǎn)，由土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權人按照國家有關(guān)規定繼續承包。 After the contractual term as referred to in the preceding paragraph expires, the holder of the right to the contracted management of land may, according to the relevant provisions of the state, contract continuously.

第一百二十七條 土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權自土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權合同生效時(shí)設立。 Article 127 The right to the contracted management of land shall be established since the contract thereon goes into effect.

縣級以上地方人民政府應當向土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權人發(fā)放土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權證、林權證、草原使用權證，并登記造冊，確認土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權。 The local people’s government at the country level or above shall issue a certificate of the right to the contracted management of land, a forestry right certificate or a grassland-use right certificate to the holder, register it in the brochure so as to confirm such rights.

第一百二十八條 土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權人依照農村土地承包法的規定，有權將土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權采取轉包、互換、轉讓等方式流轉。流轉的期限不得超過(guò)承包期的剩余期限。未經(jīng)依法批準，不得將承包地用于非農建設。 Article 128 The holder of the right to the contracted management of land has the right, in accordance with the provisions in the law on the contracting of rural land, to circulate his/her such right. The circulated term may not be more than the remnant term of the original contract. Any contracted land may not be used for non-agricultural constructions without approval.

第一百二十九條 土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權人將土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權互換、轉讓?zhuān)斒氯艘蟮怯浀?，應當向縣級以上地方人民政府申請土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權變更登記；未經(jīng)登記，不得對抗善意第三人。 Article 129 In case the right to the contracted management of land is circulated by means of exchange or transfer, where the parties concerned require for the registration of such circulation, an application for the alteration registration thereof shall be filed to the local people’s government at the county level or above. Without such registration, neither party may challenge any third party with good faith.

第一百三十條 承包期內發(fā)包人不得調整承包地。 Article 130 The contract-letting party may not readjust the contracted land within the duration of a contract.

因自然災害嚴重毀損承包地等特殊情形，需要適當調整承包的耕地和草地的，應當依照農村土地承包法等法律規定辦理。 In case it is necessary to readjust the cultivated land or grassland as contracted by virtue of such especial events as natural calamities that have materially injured the contracted land, a readjustment may, in accordance with the legal provisions in the law on the contracting of rural land and other related laws, be carried out.

第一百三十一條 承包期內發(fā)包人不得收回承包地。農村土地承包法等法律另有規定的，依照其規定。 Article 131 The contract-letting party may not take back the contracted land within the term of the contract. In case there exists any otherwise provision in the law on the contracting of rural land or any other law, such provision shall prevail.

第一百三十二條 承包地被征收的，土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權人有權依照本法第四十二條第二款的規定獲得相應補償。 Article 132 In case a contracted land is expropriated, the holder of the right to the contracted management of such land has the right to obtain corresponding compensations in accordance with Paragraph 2 of Article 42 in the present Law.

第一百三十三條 通過(guò)招標、拍賣(mài)、公開(kāi)協(xié)商等方式承包荒地等農村土地，依照農村土地承包法等法律和國務(wù)院的有關(guān)規定，其土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權可以轉讓、入股、抵押或者以其他方式流轉。 Article 133 As regards the barren land or other rural land that is contracted through bid invitation, auction, or open negotiation, etc, the right to the contracted management thereof may, according to the law on the contracting of rural land and other laws as well the related regulations of the State Council, be circulated by means of alienation, lease, equity contribution, or mortgage, etc.

第一百三十四條 國家所有的農用地實(shí)行承包經(jīng)營(yíng)的，參照本法的有關(guān)規定。 Article 134 In case the contracted management is conducted over any state-owned rural land, the related provisions in the present Law shall apply by analogy.

第十二章 建設用地使用權 Chapter XII Right to Use Construction Land

第一百三十五條 建設用地使用權人依法對國家所有的土地享有占有、使用和收益的權利，有權利用該土地建造建筑物、構筑物及其附屬設施。 Article 135 The holder of the right to use construction land has the right to possess, use and seek proceeds from the land owned by the state, and shall be entitled to the construction of buildings, fixtures and their auxiliary facilities by making use of such land.

第一百三十六條 建設用地使用權可以在土地的地表、地上或者地下分別設立。新設立的建設用地使用權，不得損害已設立的用益物權。 Article 136 The right to use construction land may be created separately on the surface of or above or under the land. The newly-established one may not injure the usufructuary right that has already been established.

第一百三十七條 設立建設用地使用權，可以采取出讓或者劃撥等方式。 Article 137 The right to use construction land may be created through transfer or allotment, etc.

工業(yè)、商業(yè)、旅游、娛樂(lè )和商品住宅等經(jīng)營(yíng)性用地以及同一土地有兩個(gè)以上意向用地者的，應當采取招標、拍賣(mài)等公開(kāi)競價(jià)的方式出讓。 As regards the land used for purposes of industry, business, entertainment or commercial dwelling houses, etc. as well as the land with two or more intended users, the alienation thereof shall adopt such means as auction, bid invitation or any other public bidding method.

嚴格限制以劃撥方式設立建設用地使用權。采取劃撥方式的，應當遵守法律、行政法規關(guān)于土地用途的規定。 It is severely restrained to create the right to use construction land through allotment. For adopting such means, the provisions on land uses in the laws and administrative regulations shall be observed.

第一百三十八條 采取招標、拍賣(mài)、協(xié)議等出讓方式設立建設用地使用權的，當事人應當采取書(shū)面形式訂立建設用地使用權出讓合同。 Article 138 In case the right to use construction land is created through auction, bid invitation, or agreement, etc., the related parties shall conclude a written contract on the transfer of such right.

建設用地使用權出讓合同一般包括下列條款： In general, a contract on transfer of the right to use construction land shall contain the items as follows:

（一） 當事人的名稱(chēng)和住所； (1) name and domicile of the parties concerned;

（二） 土地界址、面積等； (2) [] and acreage, etc. of the land;

（三） 建筑物、構筑物及其附屬設施占用的空間； (3) space to be covered by buildings, fixtures and affiliated facilities thereof;

（四） 土地用途； (4) use purposes;

（五） 使用期限； (5) use term;

（六） 出讓金等費用及其支付方式； (6) payment methods for allotment fees and other fees; and

（七） 解決爭議的方法。 (7) dispute settlement method.

第一百三十九條 設立建設用地使用權的，應當向登記機構申請建設用地使用權登記。建設用地使用權自登記時(shí)設立。登記機構應當向建設用地使用權人發(fā)放建設用地使用權證書(shū)。 Article 139 For establishing the right to use construction land, an application for registering such right shall be submitted to the registration organ. The right to use construction land shall be established as of the accomplishment of such registration. A certificate on the right to use construction land shall be issued by the registration organ to the holder of the right to use construction land.

第一百四十條 建設用地使用權人應當合理利用土地，不得改變土地用途；需要改變土地用途的，應當依法經(jīng)有關(guān)行政主管部門(mén)批準。 Article 140 The holder of the right to use construction land shall reasonably use the land and may not alter the use purpose. In case the purpose of land use needs to be altered, the approval of the relevant administrative department shall be obtained.

第一百四十一條 建設用地使用權人應當依照法律規定以及合同約定支付出讓金等費用。 Article 141 The holder of the right to use construction land shall, according to the legal provisions and the contract, pay transfer fees and other fees.

第一百四十二條 建設用地使用權人建造的建筑物、構筑物及其附屬設施的所有權屬于建設用地使用權人，但有相反證據證明的除外。 Article 142 As regards the buildings, fixtures and their affiliated facilities built by the holder of the right to use construction land, the holder shall enjoy the ownership thereof, unless it is otherwise proved by any contrary evidence.

第一百四十三條 建設用地使用權人有權將建設用地使用權轉讓、互換、出資、贈與或者抵押，但法律另有規定的除外。 Article 143 Unless it is otherwise prescribed by any law, the holder of the right to use construction land has the right to alienate, exchange, use as equity contributions, endow or mortgage the right to use construction land.

第一百四十四條 建設用地使用權轉讓、互換、出資、贈與或者抵押的，當事人應當采取書(shū)面形式訂立相應的合同。使用期限由當事人約定，但不得超過(guò)建設用地使用權的剩余期限。 Article 144 For alienating, exchanging, using as equity contribution, endowing, or mortgaging the right to use construction land, the parties shall enter into a corresponding written contract. The parties concerned may make stipulations on the contractual term, but which may not exceed the remnant term as stipulated in the contract on transfer of the right to use construction land.

第一百四十五條 建設用地使用權轉讓、互換、出資或者贈與的，應當向登記機構申請變更登記。 Article 145 For alienating, exchanging, using as equity contribution, endowing, or mortgaging the right to use construction land, an application for alteration registration shall be submitted to the registration organ.

第一百四十六條 建設用地使用權轉讓、互換、出資或者贈與的，附著(zhù)于該土地上的建筑物、構筑物及其附屬設施一并處分。 Article 146 When alienating, exchanging, using as equity contribution, endowing, or mortgaging the right to use construction land, the buildings, fixtures and affiliated facilities thereof on such land shall be disposed of at the same time.

第一百四十七條 建筑物、構筑物及其附屬設施轉讓、互換、出資或者贈與的，該建筑物、構筑物及其附屬設施占用范圍內的建設用地使用權一并處分。 Article 147 When alienating, exchanging, using as equity contribution, endowing, or mortgaging the buildings, fixtures and affiliated facilities thereof, the right to use construction land covered by the aforesaid buildings, fixtures and affiliated facilities thereof shall be disposed of at the same time.

第一百四十八條 建設用地使用權期間屆滿(mǎn)前，因公共利益需要提前收回該土地的，應當依照本法第四十二條的規定對該土地上的房屋及其他不動(dòng)產(chǎn)給予補償，并退還相應的出讓金。 Article 148 Before the term of the right to use construction land expires, where it is necessary to take back the land in advance by virtue of public interests, compensations shall, according to Article 42 of this Law, be given to the houses and other realties on such land, and corresponding land transfer fees shall be returned back.

第一百四十九條 住宅建設用地使用權期間屆滿(mǎn)的，自動(dòng)續期。 Article 149 When the term of the right to use construction land for dwelling houses expires, it shall be renewed automatically.

非住宅建設用地使用權期間屆滿(mǎn)后的續期，依照法律規定辦理。該土地上的房屋及其他不動(dòng)產(chǎn)的歸屬，有約定的，按照約定；沒(méi)有約定或者約定不明確的，依照法律、行政法規的規定辦理。 As regards the term of the right to use construction land not for dwelling houses, the renewing shall be subject to legal provisions. In case there exists any stipulation on the ownership of houses and other realties on the aforesaid land, such stipulation shall prevail; in the case of no or unclear such stipulation, the ownership shall be determined in accordance with the provisions in the laws and administrative regulations.

第一百五十條 建設用地使用權消滅的，出讓人應當及時(shí)辦理注銷(xiāo)登記。登記機構應當收回建設用地使用權證書(shū)。 Article 150 Where the right to use construction land is terminated, the transferor shall go through deregistration formalities in time, and the certificate on the right to use construction land shall be taken back by the registration organ.

第一百五十一條 集體所有的土地作為建設用地的，應當依照土地管理法等法律規定辦理。 Article 151 Where a piece of collectively-owned land is used as construction land, it shall be handled in accordance with the law on land administration and other related laws.

第十三章 宅基地使用權 Chapter XIII Right to Use House Sites

第一百五十二條 宅基地使用權人依法對集體所有的土地享有占有和使用的權利，有權依法利用該土地建造住宅及其附屬設施。 Article 152 The holder of the right to use house sites has the right to possess and use land owned by a collective, and to construct residential houses and affiliated facilities thereof by utilizing such land.

第一百五十三條 宅基地使用權的取得、行使和轉讓?zhuān)m用土地管理法等法律和國家有關(guān)規定。 Article 153 For acquiring, exercising and alienating the right to use house sites, the law on land administration, other related laws and the related provisions of the state shall apply.

第一百五十四條 宅基地因自然災害等原因滅失的，宅基地使用權消滅。對失去宅基地的村民，應當重新分配宅基地。 Article 154 The right to use house site shall be terminated where a house site is terminated by virtue of any natural disaster, etc.. A villager losing a house site shall be allotted a house site again.

第一百五十五條 已經(jīng)登記的宅基地使用權轉讓或者消滅的，應當及時(shí)辦理變更登記或者注銷(xiāo)登記。 Article 155 The alteration or cancellation registration shall be made in time in the case of the alienation or termination of a registered right to use house sites.

第十四章 地役權 Chapter XIV Easement

第一百五十六條 地役權人有權按照合同約定，利用他人的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)，以提高自己的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)的效益。 Article 156 An easement holder shall, according to the contract, be entitled to utilize the realty of someone else so as to enhance the efficiency of his own realty.

前款所稱(chēng)他人的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)為供役地，自己的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)為需役地。 The term “realty of someone else” as referred to in the preceding Paragraph shall be the servient tenement, and “one’s own realty” shall be the dominant tenement.

第一百五十七條 設立地役權，當事人應當采取書(shū)面形式訂立地役權合同。 Article 157 For establishing an easement, the parties concerned shall enter into an written easement contract.

地役權合同一般包括下列條款： In general, an easement contract shall contain the items as follows:

（一） 當事人的姓名或者名稱(chēng)和住所； (1) name and domicile of the related parties;

（二） 供役地和需役地的位置； (2) []s of servient tenement and dominant tenement;

（三） 利用目的和方法； (3) purposes of use and methods;

（四） 利用期限； (4) use term;

（五） 費用及其支付方式； (5) fees and payment method; and

（六） 解決爭議的方法。 (6) dispute settlement method.

第一百五十八條 地役權自地役權合同生效時(shí)設立。當事人要求登記的，可以向登記機構申請地役權登記；未經(jīng)登記，不得對抗善意第三人。 Article 158 The easement shall be established since the easement contract comes into effect. Where the related parties considers that the registration thereof is necessary, they may apply to the registration organ for easement registration; otherwise, they may not challenge any third party with good faith.

第一百五十九條 供役地權利人應當按照合同約定，允許地役權人利用其土地，不得妨害地役權人行使權利。 Article 159 The holder of servient tenement shall allow an easement holder to use his/its land in accordance with the contract, and may not hamper the latter from exercising the right.

第一百六十條 地役權人應當按照合同約定的利用目的和方法利用供役地，盡量減少對供役地權利人物權的限制。 Article 160 An easement holder shall, according to the purposes and methods as stipulated in the contract, use the servient tenement, and make efforts to reduce the real right restrictions on the holder of the servient tenement.

第一百六十一條 地役權的期限由當事人約定，但不得超過(guò)土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權、建設用地使用權等用益物權的剩余期限。 Article 161 The easement term shall be stipulated by the related parties, however, it can not be longer than the remnant term of such usufructuary rights as the right to the contracted management of land, the right to use construction land, etc.

第一百六十二條 土地所有權人享有地役權或者負擔地役權的，設立土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權、宅基地使用權時(shí)，該土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權人、宅基地使用權人繼續享有或者負擔已設立的地役權。 Article 162 As regards the easement enjoyed or assumed by the owner of the land, where the right to the contracted management of land or the right to use house site is created, holders of such rights the right to the contracted management of land or rights may continuously enjoy or assume such established easement.

第一百六十三條 土地上已設立土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權、建設用地使用權、宅基地使用權等權利的，未經(jīng)用益物權人同意，土地所有權人不得設立地役權。 Article 163 Where any such usufructuary right as the right to the contracted management of land, the right to use house site, etc on the land has already been established, the land owner may, without consent of the aforesaid usufructuary right holder, not establish any easement.

第一百六十四條 地役權不得單獨轉讓。土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權、建設用地使用權等轉讓的，地役權一并轉讓?zhuān)贤碛屑s定的除外。 Article 164 The easement may not be transferred alone. Unless it is otherwise stipulated by the contract, where any such usufructuary right as the right to the contracted management of land, the right to use construction land, the right to use house site, etc is alienated, the easement shall be alienated at the same time.

第一百六十五條 地役權不得單獨抵押。土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權、建設用地使用權等抵押的，在實(shí)現抵押權時(shí)，地役權一并轉讓。 Article 165 The easement may not be mortgaged alone. Where the right to the contracted management of land or the right to use construction land, etc. is mortgaged, when such mortgage is realized, the easement shall be alienated simultaneously.

第一百六十六條 需役地以及需役地上的土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權、建設用地使用權部分轉讓時(shí)，轉讓部分涉及地役權的，受讓人同時(shí)享有地役權。 Article 166 When the dominant tenement as well as the right to the contracted management of land, the right to use construction land or the right to use house site thereon are partially alienated, the transferee shall enjoy the easement simultaneously in case the easement is involved in the alienated part,.

第一百六十七條 供役地以及供役地上的土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權、建設用地使用權部分轉讓時(shí)，轉讓部分涉及地役權的，地役權對受讓人具有約束力。 Article 167 When the servient tenement as well as the right to the contracted management of land, the right to use construction land thereon are partially alienated, the easement shall be binding on the alienatee if the easement is involved in alienated part.

第一百六十八條 地役權人有下列情形之一的，供役地權利人有權解除地役權合同，地役權消滅： Article 168 The holder of the servient tenement has the right to rescind the easement contract in case an easement holder is under any of the following circumstances, and the easement shall be terminated:

（一） 違反法律規定或者合同約定，濫用地役權； (1) to go against the legal provisions or the contract, or misuse the easement; or

（二） 有償利用供役地，約定的付款期間屆滿(mǎn)后在合理期限內經(jīng)兩次催告未支付費用。 (2) as regards the paid use of servient tenement, upon expiration of the stipulated time limit for payment, fails to pay fees within a reasonable period for two times after being urged to do so.

第一百六十九條 已經(jīng)登記的地役權變更、轉讓或者消滅的，應當及時(shí)辦理變更登記或者注銷(xiāo)登記。 Article 169 For changing, alienating or eliminating the registered easement, the alteration or cancellation registration shall be go through in a timely manner.

第四編 擔保物權 Part IV Real Rights for Security

第十五章 一般規定 Chapter XV General Rules

第一百七十條 擔保物權人在債務(wù)人不履行到期債務(wù)或者發(fā)生當事人約定的實(shí)現擔保物權的情形，依法享有就擔保財產(chǎn)優(yōu)先受償的權利，但法律另有規定的除外。 Article 170 Where the obligor fails to pay its due debts or any circumstance for realizing real rights for security as stipulated by the parties concerned happens, the holder of real rights for security shall enjoy preferred payments from the property for security, except that it is otherwise provided for by any law.

第一百七十一條 債權人在借貸、買(mǎi)賣(mài)等民事活動(dòng)中，為保障實(shí)現其債權，需要擔保的，可以依照本法和其他法律的規定設立擔保物權。 Article 171 According to the present Law or any other law, an obligee may, in such civil activities as loans or sales, establish the real rights for security in case the security is required for ensuring the realization of its/his credits.

第三人為債務(wù)人向債權人提供擔保的，可以要求債務(wù)人提供反擔保。反擔保適用本法和其他法律的規定。 Where a third party provides security to the obligee for an obligor, countersecurity from the obligor may be required. The countersecurity shall be pursuant to the present Law and other related laws.

第一百七十二條 設立擔保物權，應當依照本法和其他法律的規定訂立擔保合同。擔保合同是主債權債務(wù)合同的從合同。主債權債務(wù)合同無(wú)效，擔保合同無(wú)效，但法律另有規定的除外。 Article 172 For establishing real rights for security, a security contract shall be entered into in accordance with the present Law and the other related laws. A security contract shall be a subordinate one to the principal contract. Unless it is otherwise prescribed by any law, the security contract shall be invalid when the principal contract is nullified.

擔保合同被確認無(wú)效后，債務(wù)人、擔保人、債權人有過(guò)錯的，應當根據其過(guò)錯各自承擔相應的民事責任。 After a security contract is confirmed to be nullified, the obligor, the security provider and the obligee that has faults shall, in light of their respective faults, undertake corresponding civil liabilities.

第一百七十三條 擔保物權的擔保范圍包括主債權及其利息、違約金、損害賠償金、保管擔保財產(chǎn)和實(shí)現擔保物權的費用。當事人另有約定的，按照約定。 Article 173 The security range shall cover principal obligee’s rights and their interests, default fines, damages as well as expenses for keeping the property for security and for realizing the real rights for security. In case there are otherwise stipulations between the related parties, such stipulations shall prevail.

第一百七十四條 擔保期間，擔保財產(chǎn)毀損、滅失或者被征收等，擔保物權人可以就獲得的保險金、賠償金或者補償金等優(yōu)先受償。被擔保債權的履行期未屆滿(mǎn)的，也可以提存該保險金、賠償金或者補償金等。 Article 174 In case, during the security term, the property for security is damaged, lost or expropriated, the security holder may seek preferred payments from the insurance money, damages or indemnities, etc. incurred therefrom. If the term for performing the obligee’s rights as secured has not expired, such insurance money, damages or indemnities, etc. may be submitted to a competent authority for keeping.

第一百七十五條 第三人提供擔保，未經(jīng)其書(shū)面同意，債權人允許債務(wù)人轉移全部或者部分債務(wù)的，擔保人不再承擔相應的擔保責任。 Article 175 As regards any security provided by a third party, where the obligee, without obtaining the written consent of the third party, allows the obligor to transfer all or part of its obligations, the security provider does not have to undertake corresponding security liabilities any more.

第一百七十六條 被擔保的債權既有物的擔保又有人的擔保的，債務(wù)人不履行到期債務(wù)或者發(fā)生當事人約定的實(shí)現擔保物權的情形，債權人應當按照約定實(shí)現債權；沒(méi)有約定或者約定不明確，債務(wù)人自己提供物的擔保的，債權人應當先就該物的擔保實(shí)現債權；第三人提供物的擔保的，債權人可以就物的擔保實(shí)現債權，也可以要求保證人承擔保證責任。提供擔保的第三人承擔擔保責任后，有權向債務(wù)人追償。 Article 176 As regards a secured credit involving both physical and personal security, where the obligor fails to pay its due debts or any circumstance as stipulated by the parties concerned for realizing the property for security happens, the obligee shall realize the obligee’s rights as stipulated; in the case of no or unclear such stipulation, and where the obligor provides his/its own property for the security, the obligee’s rights shall be realized firstly by the security in property; and if the security by property is provided by a third party, the obligee may, by the physical security or through requiring the guarantor to assume the guaranty liability, realize the obligee’s rights. The third party has the right,, after undertaking the security liability, to recover payments from the obligor.

第一百七十七條 有下列情形之一的，擔保物權消滅： Article 177 Real rights for security may be terminated under any of the following circumstances:

（一） 主債權消滅； (1) The principal obligee’s rights are terminated;

（二） 擔保物權實(shí)現； (2) The real rights for security have been realized;

（三） 債權人放棄擔保物權； (3) The obligee waives the real rights for security; or

（四） 法律規定擔保物權消滅的其他情形。 (4) Any other circumstance under which the real rights for security will be terminated as provided for by any law.

第一百七十八條 擔保法與本法的規定不一致的，適用本法。 Article 178 Where any provision in the Security Law conflicts with that of the present Law, the latter shall prevail.

第十六章 抵押權 Chapter XVI Mortgage Right

第一節 一般抵押權 Section 1 General Mortgage Right

第一百七十九條 為擔保債務(wù)的履行，債務(wù)人或者第三人不轉移財產(chǎn)的占有，將該財產(chǎn)抵押給債權人的，債務(wù)人不履行到期債務(wù)或者發(fā)生當事人約定的實(shí)現抵押權的情形，債權人有權就該財產(chǎn)優(yōu)先受償。 Article 179 In order to ensure the payment of debts, an obligor or a third party mortgages his/its properties to the obligee without transferring the possession of such properties, and when the obligor fails to pay due debts or any circumstance as stipulated by the parties concerned for realizing the mortgage right happens, the obligee has the right to seek preferred payments from such properties.

前款規定的債務(wù)人或者第三人為抵押人，債權人為抵押權人，提供擔保的財產(chǎn)為抵押財產(chǎn)。 The “obligor” or “third party” as referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be the mortgagor, the “obligee” shall be the mortgagee, while the “properties for security” shall be the mortgaged properties.

第一百八十條 債務(wù)人或者第三人有權處分的下列財產(chǎn)可以抵押： Article 180 As regards the following properties that the obligor or the third party has the right to dispose of, mortgage may be established thereon :

（一） 建筑物和其他土地附著(zhù)物； (1) buildings and other objects fixed to land;

（二） 建設用地使用權； (2) the right to use construction land;

（三） 以招標、拍賣(mài)、公開(kāi)協(xié)商等方式取得的荒地等土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權； (3) the right to contracted management of such land as barren land, etc. that is acquired through bid invitation, auction and public consultation, etc.;

（四） 生產(chǎn)設備、原材料、半成品、產(chǎn)品； (4) manufacturing facilities, raw materials, semi-manufactured goods and finished products;

（五） 正在建造的建筑物、船舶、航空器； (5) buildings, vessels and aircraft under construction;

（六） 交通運輸工具； (6) means of communications and transportation; and

（七） 法律、行政法規未禁止抵押的其他財產(chǎn)。 (7) other properties not prohibited from being mortgaged by any law or administrative regulation.

抵押人可以將前款所列財產(chǎn)一并抵押。 All the properties listed in the previous paragraph may be mortgaged together by a mortgagor.

第一百八十一條 經(jīng)當事人書(shū)面協(xié)議，企業(yè)、個(gè)體工商戶(hù)、農業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)者可以將現有的以及將有的生產(chǎn)設備、原材料、半成品、產(chǎn)品抵押，債務(wù)人不履行到期債務(wù)或者發(fā)生當事人約定的實(shí)現抵押權的情形，債權人有權就實(shí)現抵押權時(shí)的動(dòng)產(chǎn)優(yōu)先受償。 Article 181 An enterprise, individual industrial and commercial household or agricultural production operator may, upon the written agreement between the parties concerned, mortgage the existing manufacturing facilities, raw materials, semi-manufactured goods and finished products or those to be owned in future, and when the obligor fails to pay its/his due debts or any circumstance as stipulated by the parties concerned for realizing the right to mortgage arises, the obligee has the right to seek preferred payments from the chattels existing at the time of the realization of the right to mortgage.

第一百八十二條 以建筑物抵押的，該建筑物占用范圍內的建設用地使用權一并抵押。以建設用地使用權抵押的，該土地上的建筑物一并抵押。 Article 182 For mortgaging building, the right to use construction land within the area of this building shall be mortgaged together. When mortgaging the right to use construction land, all the buildings on such land shall be mortgaged together.

抵押人未依照前款規定一并抵押的，未抵押的財產(chǎn)視為一并抵押。 Where a mortgagor fails to mortgage the properties in accordance with the provisions in the preceding paragraph, the properties not mortgaged shall be treated as having been mortgaged together.

第一百八十三條 鄉鎮、村企業(yè)的建設用地使用權不得單獨抵押。以鄉鎮、村企業(yè)的廠(chǎng)房等建筑物抵押的，其占用范圍內的建設用地使用權一并抵押。 Article 183 As regards the right to use construction land of a township or village enterprise, mortgages may not be alone established thereon. Where the plant of a township and village enterprise is mortgaged, the right to use construction land within the area of such plant shall be mortgaged together.

第一百八十四條 下列財產(chǎn)不得抵押： Article 184 Any of the following properties may not be mortgaged:

（一） 土地所有權； (1) ownership of land;

（二） 耕地、宅基地、自留地、自留山等集體所有的土地使用權，但法律規定可以抵押的除外； (2) the right to use such collectively-owned land as cultivated land, house sites, land and hilly land allotted for private use, etc, except for those mortgagable as prescribed by any law;

（三） 學(xué)校、幼兒園、醫院等以公益為目的的事業(yè)單位、社會(huì )團體的教育設施、醫療衛生設施和其他社會(huì )公益設施； (3) educational, medical, healthy and other public welfare facilities of such institutions and social groups with the aim of benefiting the public as schools, kindergartens, hospitals, etc;

（四） 所有權、使用權不明或者有爭議的財產(chǎn)； (4) properties with unclear or controversial ownership or use rights;

（五） 依法被查封、扣押、監管的財產(chǎn)； (5) properties legally confiscated, seized or controlled; or

（六） 法律、行政法規規定不得抵押的其他財產(chǎn)。 (6) other properties that cannot be mortgaged as prescribed by any law or administrative regulation.

第一百八十五條 設立抵押權，當事人應當采取書(shū)面形式訂立抵押合同。 Article 185 For establishing a mortgage right, the parties concerned shall enter into a written mortgage contract.

抵押合同一般包括下列條款： In general, a mortgage contract shall contain the items as follows:

（一） 被擔保債權的種類(lèi)和數額； (1) the variety and sum of the secured obligee’s rights;

（二） 債務(wù)人履行債務(wù)的期限； (2) the time limit to pay debts by the obligor;

（三） 抵押財產(chǎn)的名稱(chēng)、數量、質(zhì)量、狀況、所在地、所有權歸屬或者使用權歸屬； (3) the name, amount, quality, situation, [], attribution of ownership or use right of the mortgaged property; and

（四） 擔保的范圍。 (4) the security scope.

第一百八十六條 抵押權人在債務(wù)履行期屆滿(mǎn)前，不得與抵押人約定債務(wù)人不履行到期債務(wù)時(shí)抵押財產(chǎn)歸債權人所有。 Article 186 The mortgagee and the mortgagor may, prior to the expiration of the time limit for paying debts, not stipulate that the ownership of the mortgaged property will attributed to the obligee when the obligor fails to pay its due debts.

第一百八十七條 以本法第一百八十條第一款第一項至第三項規定的財產(chǎn)或者第五項規定的正在建造的建筑物抵押的，應當辦理抵押登記。抵押權自登記時(shí)設立。 Article 187 In case properties as provided for in Items (1), (2) and (3) of Paragraph 1 of Article 180 in the present Law or a building under construction in Item (5) are mortgaged, the mortgage registration shall be gone through, and such mortgage right shall be established as of the date of registration.

第一百八十八條 以本法第一百八十條第一款第四項、第六項規定的財產(chǎn)或者第五項規定的正在建造的船舶、航空器抵押的，抵押權自抵押合同生效時(shí)設立；未經(jīng)登記，不得對抗善意第三人。 Article 188 In case properties as provided for in Items (4) or (6) of Paragraph 1 of Article 180 of the present Law or a vessel or aircraft under construction as provided for in Item (5) are mortgaged, the mortgage right shall be established since the mortgage contract comes into effect; without the registration, the mortgage right may not challenge any third party with good faith.

第一百八十九條 企業(yè)、個(gè)體工商戶(hù)、農業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)者以本法第一百八十一條規定的動(dòng)產(chǎn)抵押的，應當向抵押人住所地的工商行政管理部門(mén)辦理登記。抵押權自抵押合同生效時(shí)設立；未經(jīng)登記，不得對抗善意第三人。 Article 189 As regards the mortgage of the chattels prescribed in Article 181 of the present Law provided by an enterprise, individual industrial and commercial household or agricultural production operator, registration shall be handled by the administrative department for industry and commerce at the locality of the mortgagor. The mortgage right shall be established since the mortgage contract comes into effect; without the registration, such mortgage right may not challenge any third party with good faith.

依照本法第一百八十一條規定抵押的，不得對抗正常經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)中已支付合理價(jià)款并取得抵押財產(chǎn)的買(mǎi)受人。 The mortgage as provided for in Article 181 of the present Law may not challenge the buyer which has paid a reasonable price and obtained the mortgaged property in normal business operations.

第一百九十條 訂立抵押合同前抵押財產(chǎn)已出租的，原租賃關(guān)系不受該抵押權的影響。抵押權設立后抵押財產(chǎn)出租的，該租賃關(guān)系不得對抗已登記的抵押權。 Article 190 Where the mortgaged property has been leased prior to the entering into of the mortgage contract, the original leasehold relations may not be impacted by the mortgage right. Where it is leased after the establishment of the mortgage right, the leasehold relation may be challenge the registered mortgage right.

第一百九十一條 抵押期間，抵押人經(jīng)抵押權人同意轉讓抵押財產(chǎn)的，應當將轉讓所得的價(jià)款向抵押權人提前清償債務(wù)或者提存。轉讓的價(jià)款超過(guò)債權數額的部分歸抵押人所有，不足部分由債務(wù)人清償。 Article 191 Where a mortgagor alienates, upon consent of the mortgagee, the mortgaged property during the mortgage term, the money generated from such alienation shall be used to pay off debts to the mortgagee in advance or be submitted to a competent authority for keeping. The value exceeding the obligee’s rights shall be attributed to the mortgagor, and the gap shall be paid off by the obligor.

抵押期間，抵押人未經(jīng)抵押權人同意，不得轉讓抵押財產(chǎn)，但受讓人代為清償債務(wù)消滅抵押權的除外。 Without the mortgagee’s consent, a mortgagor may not alienate the mortgaged property during the mortgage term,, unless the transferee pays off the debts on behalf of the mortgagor so as to terminate the mortgage right.

第一百九十二條 抵押權不得與債權分離而單獨轉讓或者作為其他債權的擔保。債權轉讓的，擔保該債權的抵押權一并轉讓?zhuān)闪碛幸幎ɑ蛘弋斒氯肆碛屑s定的除外。 Article 192 The mortgage right may not be alienated alone, or be used as a security for other obligee’s rights by departing from the obligee’s rights. Unless it is otherwise prescribed by any law or is otherwise stipulated by the parties concerned, when the obligee’s rights are alienated, the mortgage right thereof shall be alienated concurrently.

第一百九十三條 抵押人的行為足以使抵押財產(chǎn)價(jià)值減少的，抵押權人有權要求抵押人停止其行為。抵押財產(chǎn)價(jià)值減少的，抵押權人有權要求恢復抵押財產(chǎn)的價(jià)值，或者提供與減少的價(jià)值相應的擔保。抵押人不恢復抵押財產(chǎn)的價(jià)值也不提供擔保的，抵押權人有權要求債務(wù)人提前清償債務(wù)。 Article 193 Where any act of the mortgagor may sufficiently cause the reduction of the value of the mortgaged property, the mortgagee has the right to require the mortgagor to cease such act. Where the value of the mortgaged property has been lowered, the mortgagee has the right to require the mortgagor to recover the value, or provide a security equal to the reduced value. Where the mortgagor neither recovers the value nor provides any security, the mortgagee has the right to require the obligor to pay off the debts in advance.

第一百九十四條 抵押權人可以放棄抵押權或者抵押權的順位。抵押權人與抵押人可以協(xié)議變更抵押權順位以及被擔保的債權數額等內容，但抵押權的變更，未經(jīng)其他抵押權人書(shū)面同意，不得對其他抵押權人產(chǎn)生不利影響。 Article 194 A mortgagee may abandon the mortgage right or the sequence thereof. A mortgagee and a mortgagor may, through negotiations, alter the sequence of the mortgage right or the amount of secured obligee’s rights, etc., however, such alteration may not produce unfavorable influences on any other mortgagee without the written consent thereof.

債務(wù)人以自己的財產(chǎn)設定抵押，抵押權人放棄該抵押權、抵押權順位或者變更抵押權的，其他擔保人在抵押權人喪失優(yōu)先受償權益的范圍內免除擔保責任，但其他擔保人承諾仍然提供擔保的除外。 Where an obligor creates the mortgage by its/his own properties, and the mortgagee abandons the mortgage right or the sequence thereof or alter such mortgage right, other security providers shall, within the scope for which the said mortgagee has lost the right to seek preferred payments, be exempted from the security liability, unless any of other security providers promises to provide the security all the same.

第一百九十五條 債務(wù)人不履行到期債務(wù)或者發(fā)生當事人約定的實(shí)現抵押權的情形，抵押權人可以與抵押人協(xié)議以抵押財產(chǎn)折價(jià)或者以拍賣(mài)、變賣(mài)該抵押財產(chǎn)所得的價(jià)款優(yōu)先受償。協(xié)議損害其他債權人利益的，其他債權人可以在知道或者應當知道撤銷(xiāo)事由之日起一年內請求人民法院撤銷(xiāo)該協(xié)議。 Article 195 When the obligor fails to pay its/his due debts or any circumstance as stipulated by the parties concerned for realizing the right to mortgage arises, the mortgagee may, upon negotiation with the mortgagor, convert the mortgaged property into money or seek preferred payments from the money generated from the auction or sale of the mortgaged property. Where the said agreement has injured the interests of any other obligee, the obligee may, within one year after he/it has known or should know the cause for cancellation, require the people’s court to cancel such agreement.

抵押權人與抵押人未就抵押權實(shí)現方式達成協(xié)議的，抵押權人可以請求人民法院拍賣(mài)、變賣(mài)抵押財產(chǎn)。 Where no agreement on the means of realizing the mortgage right is achieved between the mortgagee and the mortgagor, the mortgagee may require the people’s court to auction or sell off the mortgaged property.

抵押財產(chǎn)折價(jià)或者變賣(mài)的，應當參照市場(chǎng)價(jià)格。 When converting into money or selling off the mortgaged property, its marker price shall be referred to.

第一百九十六條 依照本法第一百八十一條規定設定抵押的，抵押財產(chǎn)自下列情形之一發(fā)生時(shí)確定： Article 196 As regards the mortgage created in accordance with Article 181 of the present Law, the mortgaged property shall be determined when any of the following circumstances arises:

（一） 債務(wù)履行期屆滿(mǎn)，債權未實(shí)現； (1) Upon expiration of the time limit for paying debts, the obligee’s rights have not been realized;

（二） 抵押人被宣告破產(chǎn)或者被撤銷(xiāo)； (2) The mortgagor has been declared bankrupt or has been canceled;

（三） 當事人約定的實(shí)現抵押權的情形； (3) Other circumstances as stipulated by the parties concerned occurs for realizing the mortgage right; or

（四） 嚴重影響債權實(shí)現的其他情形。 (4) Any other circumstance seriously impacting the realization of obligee’s rights.

第一百九十七條 債務(wù)人不履行到期債務(wù)或者發(fā)生當事人約定的實(shí)現抵押權的情形，致使抵押財產(chǎn)被人民法院依法扣押的，自扣押之日起抵押權人有權收取該抵押財產(chǎn)的天然孳息或者法定孳息，但抵押權人未通知應當清償法定孳息的義務(wù)人的除外。 Article 197 When the obligor fails to pay its/his due debts or any circumstance as stipulated by the parties concerned for realizing the mortgage right arises, and the mortgaged property is thus seized by the people’s court in accordance with law, the mortgagee has the right to collect natural or statutory fruits of the mortgaged property as of the date of seizure, unless the mortgagee has failed to inform the subject liable to pay off statutory fruits.

前款規定的孳息應當先充抵收取孳息的費用。 As regards the “fruits” as referred to in the preceding paragraph, they shall be firstly used for paying the collection expenses thereof.

第一百九十八條 抵押財產(chǎn)折價(jià)或者拍賣(mài)、變賣(mài)后，其價(jià)款超過(guò)債權數額的部分歸抵押人所有，不足部分由債務(wù)人清償。 Article 198 The value exceeding the obligee’s rights shall be attributed to the mortgagor, and the gap shall be paid off by the obligor, after the mortgaged property has been converted into money, auctioned or sold off.

第一百九十九條 同一財產(chǎn)向兩個(gè)以上債權人抵押的，拍賣(mài)、變賣(mài)抵押財產(chǎn)所得的價(jià)款依照下列規定清償： Article 199 In case a same property is mortgaged to two or more obligees concurrently, the money generated from the auction or sale of the mortgaged property shall be used for paying debts in light of the prescriptions as follows:

（一） 抵押權已登記的，按照登記的先后順序清償；順序相同的，按照債權比例清償； (1) In case all the mortgage rights to have been registered, the payments shall be made according to the registration sequence; and where the sequence is the same, the payments shall be made on the basis of the proportion of obligee’s rights;

（二） 抵押權已登記的先于未登記的受償； (2) The registered mortgage right shall be cleared off prior to the unregistered one; and

（三） 抵押權未登記的，按照債權比例清償。 (3) In case no mortgage right has been registered, the payments shall be made on basis of the proportion of obligee’s rights.

第二百條 建設用地使用權抵押后，該土地上新增的建筑物不屬于抵押財產(chǎn)。該建設用地使用權實(shí)現抵押權時(shí)，應當將該土地上新增的建筑物與建設用地使用權一并處分，但新增建筑物所得的價(jià)款，抵押權人無(wú)權優(yōu)先受償。 Article 200 The buildings newly constructed on the land after the mortgage of the right to use construction land may not belong to the mortgaged properties. Such newly-constructed buildings can be disposed of together with the disposal of the aforesaid right to use construction land so as to realize the mortgage right, however, the mortgagee has no right to seek preferred payments from the money generated from the disposal of these newly-constructed buildings.

第二百零一條 依照本法第一百八十條第一款第三項規定的土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權抵押的，或者依照本法第一百八十三條規定以鄉鎮、村企業(yè)的廠(chǎng)房等建筑物占用范圍內的建設用地使用權一并抵押的，實(shí)現抵押權后，未經(jīng)法定程序，不得改變土地所有權的性質(zhì)和土地用途。 Article 201 As regards the mortgage of the right to the contracted management of land as provided for in Item (3) of Paragraph 1 of Article 180 of the present Law or the right to use construction land occupied by the plant or any other building of a township or village enterprise as prescribed in Article 183 of the present Law, after such mortgage right is realized, without completing the statutory procedures, the nature of land ownership or land use may not be altered.

第二百零二條 抵押權人應當在主債權訴訟時(shí)效期間行使抵押權；未行使的，人民法院不予保護。 Article 202 A mortgagee shall, within the limitation of action for the principal obligee’s rights, exercise the mortgage right, otherwise, such mortgage right will not be protected by the people’s court.

第二節 最高額抵押權 Section 1I Mortgage Right at Maximum Amount

第二百零三條 為擔保債務(wù)的履行，債務(wù)人或者第三人對一定期間內將要連續發(fā)生的債權提供擔保財產(chǎn)的，債務(wù)人不履行到期債務(wù)或者發(fā)生當事人約定的實(shí)現抵押權的情形，抵押權人有權在最高債權額限度內就該擔保財產(chǎn)優(yōu)先受償。 Article 203 For ensuring the payment of debts, an obligor or third party may provide mortgage security to the obligee for the obligee’s rights that will continuously happen within a certain term, and when the obligor fails to pay its/his due debts or any circumstance as stipulated by the parties concerned for realizing the mortgage right happens, the mortgagee has the right to seek preferred payments from the security properties within the maximum amount of obligee’s rights.

最高額抵押權設立前已經(jīng)存在的債權，經(jīng)當事人同意，可以轉入最高額抵押擔保的債權范圍。 The obligee’s rights existing prior to the establishment of the mortgage right at maximum amount may, upon the consent of the parties concerned, be incorporated into the scope of obligee’s rights under the mortgage security at maximum amount.

第二百零四條 最高額抵押擔保的債權確定前，部分債權轉讓的，最高額抵押權不得轉讓?zhuān)斒氯肆碛屑s定的除外。 Article 204 Unless it is otherwise stipulated by the parties concerned, in case part of obligee’s rights are transferred prior to the establishment of the mortgage security at maximum amount, the mortgage right at maximum amount may not be transferred.

第二百零五條 最高額抵押擔保的債權確定前，抵押權人與抵押人可以通過(guò)協(xié)議變更債權確定的期間、債權范圍以及最高債權額，但變更的內容不得對其他抵押權人產(chǎn)生不利影響。 Article 205 Prior to the determination of the obligee’s rights under the mortgage security at maximum amount, the mortgagee and the mortgagor may, upon agreement, alter the term for the determination of the obligee’s rights, the scope of obligee’s rights or the maximum amount of obligee’s rights, however, such alteration may not cause any unfavorable influence to any other mortgagee.

第二百零六條 有下列情形之一的，抵押權人的債權確定： Article 206 The mortgagee’s obligee’s rights shall be determined, if any of the following circumstances occurs,:

（一） 約定的債權確定期間屆滿(mǎn)； (1) The stipulated term for the determination of the obligee’s rights expires;

（二） 沒(méi)有約定債權確定期間或者約定不明確，抵押權人或者抵押人自最高額抵押權設立之日起滿(mǎn)二年后請求確定債權； (2) In case there is no stipulation on such term or the related stipulations are not explicit, and where the mortgagee or the mortgagor requires determine the obligee’s rights after two years as of the date for the establishment of the mortgage right at maximum amount;

（三） 新的債權不可能發(fā)生； (3) no new obligee’s right may happen;

（四） 抵押財產(chǎn)被查封、扣押； (4) The mortgaged property is sealed up or seized;

（五） 債務(wù)人、抵押人被宣告破產(chǎn)或者被撤銷(xiāo)； (5) The obligor or the mortgagor is declared bankrupt or is revoked; or

（六） 法律規定債權確定的其他情形。 (6) Any other circumstance as prescribed by any other law for determining the obligee’s rights arises.

第二百零七條 最高額抵押權除適用本節規定外，適用本章第一節一般抵押權的規定。 Article 207 The mortgage right at maximum amount shall be governed by, in addition to the provisions in this Section, the provisions on general mortgage right as provided for in Section 1 of this Chapter.

第十七章 質(zhì)權 Chapter XVII Pledge Right

第一節 動(dòng)產(chǎn)質(zhì)權 Section 1 Chattel Pledge

第二百零八條 為擔保債務(wù)的履行，債務(wù)人或者第三人將其動(dòng)產(chǎn)出質(zhì)給債權人占有的，債務(wù)人不履行到期債務(wù)或者發(fā)生當事人約定的實(shí)現質(zhì)權的情形，債權人有權就該動(dòng)產(chǎn)優(yōu)先受償。 Article 208 For the security of the payment of debts，an obligor or a third party may pledge his (its) chattels to the obligee for occupation, and when the obligor fails to pay due debts or any circumstance for realizing the pledge right as stipulated by the parties happens, the obligee has the right to seek preferred payments from the pledged chattels.

前款規定的債務(wù)人或者第三人為出質(zhì)人，債權人為質(zhì)權人，交付的動(dòng)產(chǎn)為質(zhì)押財產(chǎn)。 The “debtor” or “third party” as referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be the pledger, the “obligee” shall be the pledgee, and the “chattels” as delivered shall be the pledged property.

第二百零九條 法律、行政法規禁止轉讓的動(dòng)產(chǎn)不得出質(zhì)。 Article 209 The chattels，which are forbidden from being pledged by any law or administrative regulation， may not be pledged.

第二百一十條 設立質(zhì)權，當事人應當采取書(shū)面形式訂立質(zhì)權合同。 Article 210 For establishing the pledge right, the parties concerned shall enter into a contract on pledge right in written form.

質(zhì)權合同一般包括下列條款： In general， a contract on pledge right shall contain the following items:

（一） 被擔保債權的種類(lèi)和數額； (1) the variety and amount of the principal obligee’s rights;

（二） 債務(wù)人履行債務(wù)的期限； (2) the time limit for the obligor to pay off debts;

（三） 質(zhì)押財產(chǎn)的名稱(chēng)、數量、質(zhì)量、狀況； (3) the name, amount, quality and condition of the pledge;

（四） 擔保的范圍； (4) the scope of security; and

（五） 質(zhì)押財產(chǎn)交付的時(shí)間。 (5) the time for the deliver of pledged properties.

第二百一十一條 質(zhì)權人在債務(wù)履行期屆滿(mǎn)前，不得與出質(zhì)人約定債務(wù)人不履行到期債務(wù)時(shí)質(zhì)押財產(chǎn)歸債權人所有。 Article 211 The pledgee and the pledger may not, prior to the time limit for paying debts expires， stipulate that the ownership of pledged properties be attributed to the obligee when the obligor fails to pay due debts.

第二百一十二條 質(zhì)權自出質(zhì)人交付質(zhì)押財產(chǎn)時(shí)設立。 Article 212 The pledge right shall be established after the pledgee has delivered the pledged properties.

第二百一十三條 質(zhì)權人有權收取質(zhì)押財產(chǎn)的孳息，但合同另有約定的除外。 Article 213 Unless it is otherwise stipulated in the contract, a pledgee has the right to obtain the fruits of the pledged properties.

前款規定的孳息應當先充抵收取孳息的費用。 The “fruits” as referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be firstly used for paying the expenses for collecting the fruits.

第二百一十四條 質(zhì)權人在質(zhì)權存續期間，未經(jīng)出質(zhì)人同意，擅自使用、處分質(zhì)押財產(chǎn)，給出質(zhì)人造成損害的，應當承擔賠償責任。 Article 214 Where a pledgee, without consent of the pledger, illegally uses or disposes of the pledged properties within the duration of the pledge right, and thus damages are caused to the pledger, he/it shall make compensations.

第二百一十五條 質(zhì)權人負有妥善保管質(zhì)押財產(chǎn)的義務(wù)；因保管不善致使質(zhì)押財產(chǎn)毀損、滅失的，應當承擔賠償責任。 Article 215 A pledgee shall be obliged to properly keep pledged properties; and where pledged properties are damaged or lost by virtue of improper keeping, the pledgee shall make compensations.

質(zhì)權人的行為可能使質(zhì)押財產(chǎn)毀損、滅失的，出質(zhì)人可以要求質(zhì)權人將質(zhì)押財產(chǎn)提存，或者要求提前清償債務(wù)并返還質(zhì)押財產(chǎn)。 Where pledged properties may be damaged or lost by act of the pledgee, the pledger may ask for the pledgee to submit them to a competent authority for keeping or require pay debts in advance and take back them.

第二百一十六條 因不能歸責于質(zhì)權人的事由可能使質(zhì)押財產(chǎn)毀損或者價(jià)值明顯減少，足以危害質(zhì)權人權利的，質(zhì)權人有權要求出質(zhì)人提供相應的擔保；出質(zhì)人不提供的，質(zhì)權人可以拍賣(mài)、變賣(mài)質(zhì)押財產(chǎn)，并與出質(zhì)人通過(guò)協(xié)議將拍賣(mài)、變賣(mài)所得的價(jià)款提前清償債務(wù)或者提存。 Article 216 Where any cause not attributable to t the pledge’ fault may result in the destruction of the pledged properties or an obvious decrease of the value of the pledge, and which is sufficient to damage the pledgee’s rights, the pledgee has the right to require the pledger to provide corresponding security. Where the pledger refuses to do so, the pledgee may auction or sell off the pledged properties, and may, by negotiating with the pledger, seek preferred payments for the obligee’s rights in advance with the money generated from such auction or sell-off, or submit the said money to a competent authority for keeping.

第二百一十七條 質(zhì)權人在質(zhì)權存續期間，未經(jīng)出質(zhì)人同意轉質(zhì)，造成質(zhì)押財產(chǎn)毀損、滅失的，應當向出質(zhì)人承擔賠償責任。 Article 217 Where a pledgee transfers, without consent of the pledger, the pledge within the duration of the pledge right, and thus destroy or loss are caused to the pledged properties, he/it shall make compensations to the pledger.

第二百一十八條 質(zhì)權人可以放棄質(zhì)權。債務(wù)人以自己的財產(chǎn)出質(zhì)，質(zhì)權人放棄該質(zhì)權的，其他擔保人在質(zhì)權人喪失優(yōu)先受償權益的范圍內免除擔保責任，但其他擔保人承諾仍然提供擔保的除外。 Article 218 A pledgee may abandon the pledge right. Where an obligor provide the pledge right by his/its own properties, and the pledgee abandons the pledge right, unless any of other security providers promises to provide the security all the same, other security providers’ security liability will be exempted within the scope for which the pledgee has lost the right to seek preferred payments.

第二百一十九條 債務(wù)人履行債務(wù)或者出質(zhì)人提前清償所擔保的債權的，質(zhì)權人應當返還質(zhì)押財產(chǎn)。 Article 219 Where the obligor has paid off the debts or the pledger has fulfilled the secured obligee’s rights in advance, the pledgee shall return the pledged properties.

債務(wù)人不履行到期債務(wù)或者發(fā)生當事人約定的實(shí)現質(zhì)權的情形，質(zhì)權人可以與出質(zhì)人協(xié)議以質(zhì)押財產(chǎn)折價(jià)，也可以就拍賣(mài)、變賣(mài)質(zhì)押財產(chǎn)所得的價(jià)款優(yōu)先受償。 Where an obligor fails to pay off its due debts or any circumstance for realizing the pledge right as stipulated by the parties concerned happens, the pledgee may, by negotiating with the pledger, convert the pledge into money or seek preferred payments from the money generated from the auction or sell-off of the pledged properties.

質(zhì)押財產(chǎn)折價(jià)或者變賣(mài)的，應當參照市場(chǎng)價(jià)格。 When converting the pledged properties into money or selling off them, their market price shall be referred to.

第二百二十條 出質(zhì)人可以請求質(zhì)權人在債務(wù)履行期屆滿(mǎn)后及時(shí)行使質(zhì)權；質(zhì)權人不行使的，出質(zhì)人可以請求人民法院拍賣(mài)、變賣(mài)質(zhì)押財產(chǎn)。 Article 220 A pledger may, upon expiration of the time limit for paying debts, request the pledgee to exercise the pledge right in a timely manner; if the pledgee fails to do so, the pledger may ask for the people’s court to auction or sell off the pledged properties.

出質(zhì)人請求質(zhì)權人及時(shí)行使質(zhì)權，因質(zhì)權人怠于行使權利造成損害的，由質(zhì)權人承擔賠償責任。 Where a pledger has requested the pledgee to exercise the pledge right in a timely manner, but the pledgee is lazy to do so and thus damages are caused, the pledgee shall make compensations.

第二百二十一條 質(zhì)押財產(chǎn)折價(jià)或者拍賣(mài)、變賣(mài)后，其價(jià)款超過(guò)債權數額的部分歸出質(zhì)人所有，不足部分由債務(wù)人清償。 Article 221 After pledged properties are converted into money, auctioned or sold off, the value exceeding the obligee’s rights shall be attributed to the pledger, and the gap shall be paid off by the obligor.

第二百二十二條 出質(zhì)人與質(zhì)權人可以協(xié)議設立最高額質(zhì)權。 Article 222 The pledger and the pledgee may, upon negotiation, set up the pledge right of maximum amount.

最高額質(zhì)權除適用本節有關(guān)規定外，參照本法第十六章第二節最高額抵押權的規定。 The pledge right of maximum amount shall be governed by, in addition to the related provisions in this Section, the provisions on mortgage right at maximum amount prescribed in Section 1I of Chapter 16 of the present Law by reference.

第二節 權利質(zhì)權 Section 1I Right Pledge

第二百二十三條 債務(wù)人或者第三人有權處分的下列權利可以出質(zhì)： Article 223 Pledge may be established on any of the following rights which an obligor or third party has the right to dispose of:

（一） 匯票、支票、本票； (1) money orders, checks, and cashier’s checks;

（二） 債券、存款單； (2) bonds and deposit receipts;

（三） 倉單、提單； (3) warehouse receipts and lading bills;

（四） 可以轉讓的基金份額、股權； (4) transferable fund units and stock rights;

（五） 可以轉讓的注冊商標專(zhuān)用權、專(zhuān)利權、著(zhù)作權等知識產(chǎn)權中的財產(chǎn)權； (5) such transferable property rights in intellectual property as exclusive trademark rights, patent rights, copyrights, etc;

（六） 應收賬款； (6) account receivables; or

（七） 法律、行政法規規定可以出質(zhì)的其他財產(chǎn)權利。 (7) other property rights that can be pledged as prescribed by any law or administrative regulation.

第二百二十四條 以匯票、支票、本票、債券、存款單、倉單、提單出質(zhì)的，當事人應當訂立書(shū)面合同。質(zhì)權自權利憑證交付質(zhì)權人時(shí)設立；沒(méi)有權利憑證的，質(zhì)權自有關(guān)部門(mén)辦理出質(zhì)登記時(shí)設立。 Article 224 The parties concerned shall conclude a written contract for the pledge of a money order, check, cashier’s check, securities, deposit receipt, warehouse receipt or bill of lading. The pledge right shall be established after the deliver of the title certificate of the pledge to the pledgee. In case there is no title certificate, the pledge right shall be established after the related department has handled the registration of the pledge.

第二百二十五條 匯票、支票、本票、債券、存款單、倉單、提單的兌現日期或者提貨日期先于主債權到期的，質(zhì)權人可以?xún)冬F或者提貨，并與出質(zhì)人協(xié)議將兌現的價(jià)款或者提取的貨物提前清償債務(wù)或者提存。 Article 225 The pledgee may make redemption or pick up the goods, and may, by negotiating with the pledger, seek preferred payments in advance with the redeemed money or the picked up goods, or submit the said money or goods to a competent authority for keeping，in case the date of redemption or delivery of the money order, check, cashier’s check, bonds, deposit receipt, warehouse receipt or lading bill of is prior to the deadline of principal obligee’s rights.

第二百二十六條 以基金份額、股權出質(zhì)的，當事人應當訂立書(shū)面合同。以基金份額、證券登記結算機構登記的股權出質(zhì)的，質(zhì)權自證券登記結算機構辦理出質(zhì)登記時(shí)設立；以其他股權出質(zhì)的，質(zhì)權自工商行政管理部門(mén)辦理出質(zhì)登記時(shí)設立。 Article 226 The parties concerned shall enter into a written contract for the pledge of fund units or stock rights. As regards the pledge of fund units or the stock rights that are registered in the securities depository and clearing institution, the pledge right shall be established after the securities depository and clearing institution has handled the registration of the pledge. As regards the pledge of other stock rights, the pledge right shall be established after the administrations for industry and commerce has handled the registration of the pledge.

基金份額、股權出質(zhì)后，不得轉讓?zhuān)?jīng)出質(zhì)人與質(zhì)權人協(xié)商同意的除外。出質(zhì)人轉讓基金份額、股權所得的價(jià)款，應當向質(zhì)權人提前清償債務(wù)或者提存。 After the fund units or stock rights have been pledged, unless it is otherwise agreed to by the pledger and the pledgee upon negotiations， they may not be alienated. As regards the money incurred from the transfer of fund units or stock rights， the pledger shall fulfill the obligee’s rights to the pledgee in advance with it, or submit it to a competent authority for keeping.

第二百二十七條 以注冊商標專(zhuān)用權、專(zhuān)利權、著(zhù)作權等知識產(chǎn)權中的財產(chǎn)權出質(zhì)的，當事人應當訂立書(shū)面合同。質(zhì)權自有關(guān)主管部門(mén)辦理出質(zhì)登記時(shí)設立。 Article 227 As regards the pledge such property rights in the intellectual property as registered trademark rights, patent rights, copyrights，etc, the parties concerned shall enter into a written contract, and the pledge right shall be established after the related competent authority has handled the registration of the pledge.

知識產(chǎn)權中的財產(chǎn)權出質(zhì)后，出質(zhì)人不得轉讓或者許可他人使用，但經(jīng)出質(zhì)人與質(zhì)權人協(xié)商同意的除外。出質(zhì)人轉讓或者許可他人使用出質(zhì)的知識產(chǎn)權中的財產(chǎn)權所得的價(jià)款，應當向質(zhì)權人提前清償債務(wù)或者提存。 After the property rights in the intellectual property have been pledged, unless it is otherwise agreed to between the pledger and the pledgee upon negotiations， the pledger may not alienate the pledge or permit anyone else to use it. As regards the money incurred from the alienation of the pledged intellectual property or the permission of anyone else to use it， the pledger shall use it to fulfill the obligee’s rights in advance, or submit it to a competent authority for keeping.

第二百二十八條 以應收賬款出質(zhì)的，當事人應當訂立書(shū)面合同。質(zhì)權自信貸征信機構辦理出質(zhì)登記時(shí)設立。 Article 228 As regards the pledge of receivables, the parties concerned shall enter into a written contract, and the pledge right shall be established after the related credit rating institution has handled the registration of the pledge.

應收賬款出質(zhì)后，不得轉讓?zhuān)?jīng)出質(zhì)人與質(zhì)權人協(xié)商同意的除外。出質(zhì)人轉讓?xiě)召~款所得的價(jià)款，應當向質(zhì)權人提前清償債務(wù)或者提存。 After the receivables have been pledged, unless it is otherwise agreed on by the pledger and the pledgee upon negotiations， the pledger may not alienate the pledged receivables. As regards money incurred form the alienation of accounts receivable， the pledger shall use it to fulfill the obligee’s rights in advance, or submit it to a competent authority for keeping.

第二百二十九條 權利質(zhì)權除適用本節規定外，適用本章第一節動(dòng)產(chǎn)質(zhì)權的規定。 Article 229 The pledge of rights shall be governed by， in addition to the provisions prescribed in this Section， the provisions in Section 1 of this Chapter on the pledge of chattels.

第十八章 留置權 Chapter XVIII Lien

第二百三十條 債務(wù)人不履行到期債務(wù)，債權人可以留置已經(jīng)合法占有的債務(wù)人的動(dòng)產(chǎn)，并有權就該動(dòng)產(chǎn)優(yōu)先受償。 Article 230 Where an obligor fails to pay off its due debts, the obligee may take lien of the chattels that are owned by the obligor and lawfully occupied by the obligee, and has the right to seek preferred payments from such chattels.

前款規定的債權人為留置權人，占有的動(dòng)產(chǎn)為留置財產(chǎn)。 The “obligee” as referred to in the preceding Paragraph shall be the lienor, and the occupied chattels shall be the property under lien.

第二百三十一條 債權人留置的動(dòng)產(chǎn)，應當與債權屬于同一法律關(guān)系，但企業(yè)之間留置的除外。 Article 231 The chattels taken as lien by the obligee and the obligee’s rights shall fall into a same legal relationship, except for the lien between enterprises.

第二百三十二條 法律規定或者當事人約定不得留置的動(dòng)產(chǎn)，不得留置。 Article 232 As regards chattels of which no lien may be taken as prescribed by law or stipulated by the parties concerned, lien may not be taken of them.

第二百三十三條 留置財產(chǎn)為可分物的，留置財產(chǎn)的價(jià)值應當相當于債務(wù)的金額。 Article 233 Where a property under lien is a divisible object, its value shall be equal to the amount of debts.

第二百三十四條 留置權人負有妥善保管留置財產(chǎn)的義務(wù)；因保管不善致使留置財產(chǎn)毀損、滅失的，應當承擔賠償責任。 Article 234 A lienor shall assume the obligation to properly keep the property under lien, and shall make compensations in case the property under lien is damaged or lost by virtue of improper safekeeping.

第二百三十五條 留置權人有權收取留置財產(chǎn)的孳息。 Article 235 A lienor has the right to obtain the fruits generated from the property under lien.

前款規定的孳息應當先充抵收取孳息的費用。 The “fruits” as referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be firstly used for the payments of the expenses for collecting the fruits.

第二百三十六條 留置權人與債務(wù)人應當約定留置財產(chǎn)后的債務(wù)履行期間；沒(méi)有約定或者約定不明確的，留置權人應當給債務(wù)人兩個(gè)月以上履行債務(wù)的期間，但鮮活易腐等不易保管的動(dòng)產(chǎn)除外。債務(wù)人逾期未履行的，留置權人可以與債務(wù)人協(xié)議以留置財產(chǎn)折價(jià)，也可以就拍賣(mài)、變賣(mài)留置財產(chǎn)所得的價(jià)款優(yōu)先受償。 Article 236 A lienor shall, after the property is taken as lien, stipulate with the obligor the term for the fulfillment of the obligee’s rights; and in caseof no or unclear stipulation, two months or more shall be given to the obligor for fulfilling the obligee’s rights, except for such chattels that are not easy to be kept as fresh goods, perishable goods, etc.. Where the obligor fails to fulfill within the time limit, the lienor may convert the property under lien into money by negotiating with the obligor, or seek preferred payments from the money generated from the auction or sell-off the property under lien.

留置財產(chǎn)折價(jià)或者變賣(mài)的，應當參照市場(chǎng)價(jià)格。 When the property under lien is converted into money or sold off, its market price should be referred to.

第二百三十七條 債務(wù)人可以請求留置權人在債務(wù)履行期屆滿(mǎn)后行使留置權；留置權人不行使的，債務(wù)人可以請求人民法院拍賣(mài)、變賣(mài)留置財產(chǎn)。 Article 237 An obligor may, upon expiration of the time limit for fulfilling the obligee’s rights, require the lienor to exercise the lien; and where the lienor fails to do so, the obligor may ask for the people’s court to auction or sell off the property under lien.

第二百三十八條 留置財產(chǎn)折價(jià)或者拍賣(mài)、變賣(mài)后，其價(jià)款超過(guò)債權數額的部分歸債務(wù)人所有，不足部分由債務(wù)人清償。 Article 238 The obligor shall after the property under lien is converted into money, auctioned or sold off, enjoy the ownership of the value exceeding the obligee’s rights or make up shall be attributed to the gap.

第二百三十九條 同一動(dòng)產(chǎn)上已設立抵押權或者質(zhì)權，該動(dòng)產(chǎn)又被留置的，留置權人優(yōu)先受償。 Article 239 The lienor has the right to seek preferred payments in case the right to mortgage or the right of pledge has been established on a chattel before it is taken as lien.

第二百四十條 留置權人對留置財產(chǎn)喪失占有或者留置權人接受債務(wù)人另行提供擔保的，留置權消滅。 Article 240 The lien shall perish in case a lienor losses the possession of the property under lien or accepts other security separately provided by the obligor.

第五編 占有 Part V Possession

第十九章 占有 Chapter XIX Possession

第二百四十一條 基于合同關(guān)系等產(chǎn)生的占有，有關(guān)不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)的使用、收益、違約責任等，按照合同約定；合同沒(méi)有約定或者約定不明確的，依照有關(guān)法律規定。 Article 241 In case the possession occurs on the basis of a contractual relationship, the related stipulations in the contract shall be apply to the use, proceedings and default liability of the realty or chattel concerned; and the relevant legal provisions shall apply if there is no such stipulation in the contract or the stipulations are not clear,.

第二百四十二條 占有人因使用占有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)，致使該不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)受到損害的，惡意占有人應當承擔賠償責任。 Article 242 Where a possessor causes infringes to the realty or chattel under his (its) possession when using them, it/he shall make compensations if being malicious.

第二百四十三條 不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)被占有人占有的，權利人可以請求返還原物及其孳息，但應當支付善意占有人因維護該不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)支出的必要費用。 Article 243 Where a realty or chattel is possessed by a possessor, the holder may ask for the return of original object and fruits thereof, but necessary expenses for the maintenance of this realty or chattel paid by the bone fide possessor shall be paid possessor l.

第二百四十四條 占有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)毀損、滅失，該不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)的權利人請求賠償的，占有人應當將因毀損、滅失取得的保險金、賠償金或者補償金等返還給權利人；權利人的損害未得到足夠彌補的，惡意占有人還應當賠償損失。 Article 244 Where a realty or chattel under possession is damaged or lost, the possessor shall return the insurance money, damages or indemnities for the said destruction or loss to the holder if the holder requires compensations; and a malicious possessor shall make compensations in case the impairment to the holder has not been sufficiently made up.

第二百四十五條 占有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)被侵占的，占有人有權請求返還原物；對妨害占有的行為，占有人有權請求排除妨害或者消除危險；因侵占或者妨害造成損害的，占有人有權請求損害賠償。 Article 245 Where a realty or chattel under possession is encroached on, the possessor has the right to require the return of the original object; where any act impairs the possession, the possessor has the right to request the termination of impairment or danger; and where any damage is caused by virtue of encroachment or interference, the possessor has the right to require compensations.

占有人返還原物的請求權，自侵占發(fā)生之日起一年內未行使的，該請求權消滅。 The claim of a possessor for returning the original object shall perish, if the possessor fails to exercise it within one year as of the date of encroachment.

附　則 Supplementary Rules

第二百四十六條 法律、行政法規對不動(dòng)產(chǎn)統一登記的范圍、登記機構和登記辦法作出規定前，地方性法規可以依照本法有關(guān)規定作出規定。 Article 246 A local regulation may, before any law or administrative regulation prescribes the scope, organ and measures for uniform registration of realties, provide for related matters in accordance with the related provisions in the present Law.

第二百四十七條 本法自2007年10月1日起施行。 Article 247 The present Law shall enter into force as of October 1, 2007.