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翻譯點(diǎn)評:“事業(yè)單位”如何翻譯
發(fā)起人:eging  回復數:0  瀏覽數:3342  最后更新:2020/2/24 13:08:50 by eging

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2020/2/24 13:08:51
eging





角  色:管理員
發(fā) 帖 數:3730
注冊時(shí)間:2015/6/5
翻譯點(diǎn)評:“事業(yè)單位”如何翻譯
    譯題一:白領(lǐng)為提升軟實(shí)力下血本

    花數百上千元學(xué)幾首歌和幾個(gè)小魔術(shù),在社交聚會(huì )中秀出來(lái),給自己的職場(chǎng)形象加分。時(shí)下,一些白領(lǐng)花重金提升“軟實(shí)力”,增加職場(chǎng)競爭的砝碼。

    據專(zhuān)家分析,現在職場(chǎng)競爭壓力大,一些有意思的“軟技能”不僅能助人緩解壓力,還能增加其社交能力、提升自信,對其工作生活有一定幫助。雖然應聘時(shí)還是很看重學(xué)歷、經(jīng)驗等硬指標,但在實(shí)際工作中,軟實(shí)力往往能起到出其不意的作用,唱歌、演講、魔術(shù)等特長(cháng)確實(shí)有助于增強職場(chǎng)人的個(gè)人魅力。

    參考譯文:

    White Collars jostle to increase soft power at any cost

    Vying at social gatherings for a show to add luster to their professional image, white collars now jostle to learn songs and juggles that might cost up to RMB1,000. It costs some an arm and a leg to increase their "soft power" and sharpen their competitive edge at work.

    Faced with fierce competition, employees rely on interesting "soft skills" to help relieve pressure, to be more communicative and confident, and to live a better life, analysts say. Though priority is given to such hard power as higher learning certificates and working experiences at an interview, employees with soft power stands out unexpectedly later at work among others, by virtue of their personal charm embodied in singing, lecturing and conjuring.

    譯題一中包含不少漢語(yǔ)的習慣用語(yǔ),包括“下血本”、“硬指標”等,特別是標題中的“下血本”一詞如何翻譯,網(wǎng)友的譯文殊難統一,一個(gè)重要的問(wèn)題就是要不要保留原文的形象。對于“下血本”一詞,詞典中并沒(méi)有提供現成的翻譯,但根據網(wǎng)絡(luò )上找到的翻譯,比較形象的是cost sb. an arm and a leg,Jasmine-I在標題翻譯中就用了這個(gè)成語(yǔ)。筆者在參考譯文中也用了這個(gè)成語(yǔ),但在標題中沒(méi)有用,主要是覺(jué)得這個(gè)英語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)太“血腥”了一點(diǎn)。

    至于“軟實(shí)力”這樣的說(shuō)法,大體上中英語(yǔ)是統一的,因為這些新鮮的詞匯大多是舶來(lái)品,20 世紀 90 年代初,哈佛大學(xué)教授約瑟夫?奈首創(chuàng )“軟實(shí)力”(Soft Power)概念,于此相對的就是“硬實(shí)力”(約等于下文的“硬指標”)。根據詞匯應用的原則,詞匯的用法經(jīng)常是可以類(lèi)推的,所以下文的“軟技能”就是soft skills,當然類(lèi)推也要遵循目的語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言習慣,最好是多查資料,以免造成不必要的錯誤。關(guān)于soft skills的解釋?zhuān)W(wǎng)上可以查到:Soft skills is a sociological term relating to a person's "EQ" (Emotional Intelligence Quotient), the cluster of personality traits, social graces, communication, language, personal habits, friendliness, and optimism that characterize relationships with other people.

    英語(yǔ)名詞的復數本身具有揭示數量意義的功能,所以像“幾首歌幾個(gè)小魔術(shù)”中的“幾個(gè)”可以略去不譯,直接翻譯成songs and juggles。

    在和網(wǎng)友的email交流中,有網(wǎng)友希望能對其譯文給與個(gè)別的點(diǎn)評,限于個(gè)人的時(shí)間和精力,未能做到,敬請諒解。就本譯題而言,guanyu,emily, clumsy,karen等網(wǎng)友的翻譯都很不錯,行文比較順暢,能夠貼近英語(yǔ)的風(fēng)格進(jìn)行翻譯表達。

    譯題二:80后婚姻新現象:女愛(ài)熱暴力 男用冷暴力

    相對比于70后、60后,80后的婚姻中確實(shí)存在著(zhù)“女愛(ài)熱暴力,男愛(ài)冷暴力”的現象,這主要與獨生子女受教育背景有關(guān)。

    “我們反對女用熱暴力,男用冷暴力,也不支持男用熱暴力,女用冷暴力,婚姻生活中,溝通是最重要的方式?!鼻裆俨ńㄗh:在每日生活中,夫妻可以達成一個(gè)協(xié)議,每天約定10分鐘的“精心時(shí)刻”作為溝通時(shí)間,在這個(gè)時(shí)間里,將自己的苦悶和壓力都可以說(shuō)出來(lái),當然,為了防止負面情緒暴漲,要注意加一些親密的、愛(ài)的表達,為愛(ài)存款。當雙方遇到矛盾時(shí),摒棄抱怨、暴力、冷漠,盡量心平氣和地坐下來(lái)表述自己的感受,協(xié)商解決問(wèn)題。

    參考譯文:

    Post-80s paint a new picture of marriage: wives heat up, husbands cool down

    In contrast to post-70s and post-60s, post-80s actually paint a new picture of marriage: both males and females fall prey to violence, as is often attributed to the educational environment of a single-child family.

    "We're opposed to violence of any kind. We're opposed to both physical violence (hot violence as termed by some) and mental violence (cold violence as termed by some), no matter who would like to resort to which. To husband and wife, communication is of uttermost importance." Qiu Shaobo went on to suggest: In daily life husband and wife should agree on spending 10 minutes each day chatting heart to heart with each other. At this "special moment," husband and wife may let out their sorrows and pressure on condition that they endear themselves to each other by using honeyed words to "season" love and control the flooding of negative emotions. When they are in contradiction, husband and wife should refrain from complaints, violence and apathy, sit calmly to voice their own opinions and try their best to settle problems by means of negotiation.

    這里首先糾正網(wǎng)友的一個(gè)翻譯錯誤,“相對比于70后、60后”不是compared with those married in the 1970s or the 1960s,那樣就是跟70年代或60年代結婚的人比較了,數字問(wèn)題一定要慎重?!盁岜┝Α?、“冷暴力”雖然可以直譯為英語(yǔ)的hot violence, cold violence,有點(diǎn)像hot war, cold war,但這樣的說(shuō)法有些生硬,所以我把它們放在括號內。英語(yǔ)不喜歡重復(演講似乎例外),所以有關(guān)暴力的多種說(shuō)法可以變換著(zhù)使用。

    “我們反對女用熱暴力,男用冷暴力,也不支持男用熱暴力,女用冷暴力,婚姻生活中,溝通是最重要的方式?!边@句話(huà)中包含了不少重復的內容,所以可以合并處理,筆者在處理時(shí)打亂了原文的結構,重新組織了語(yǔ)言,這也是翻譯時(shí)需要注意的問(wèn)題。有的時(shí)候我們說(shuō)某人的翻譯有翻譯腔,大多是因為照著(zhù)原文的順序、結構、用詞套下來(lái)的,這樣的翻譯往往顯得比較生硬。英漢語(yǔ)言差異很大,套用漢語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)言模式的英語(yǔ)譯文往往很難為英語(yǔ)讀者所接受。前幾天有網(wǎng)友寫(xiě)信問(wèn)一個(gè)句子,If you enjoy your job, you will never work a day in your life是什么意思,這句話(huà)是李開(kāi)復提到的某個(gè)老外跟他說(shuō)孔子在《論語(yǔ)》中說(shuō)過(guò)的一句話(huà),原文可能是:知之者不如好之者,好之者不如樂(lè )之者。中國的經(jīng)典進(jìn)入英語(yǔ)被改成這個(gè)樣子,真是不知其可也。要說(shuō)真正的翻譯,還是James Legge翻譯的比較忠實(shí):The Master said, "They who know the truth are not equal to those who love it, and they who love it are not equal to those who delight in it."但是上面那句話(huà)流行甚廣,也許在英語(yǔ)世界中已經(jīng)深入人心,專(zhuān)業(yè)翻譯人員辛辛苦苦的、嚴格按原文譯出來(lái)的經(jīng)典文本有時(shí)候抵不上一個(gè)隨口編譯的文本,這也是翻譯中一個(gè)難以解決的悖論。

    邱少波的建議包含多個(gè)漢語(yǔ)小句,在英譯時(shí)需要重新整合。筆者在翻譯時(shí)分成了兩個(gè)英語(yǔ)句子,后一個(gè)使用了on condition that引導的狀語(yǔ)從句。在詞匯翻譯上,要注意一些形象的表達方式,比如“負面情緒暴漲”、“為愛(ài)存款”等,在翻譯時(shí)考慮到了英語(yǔ)隱喻使用的一致性,所以有using honeyed words to "season" love and control the flooding of negative emotions這樣的翻譯。

    譯題三:全國事業(yè)單位改革出時(shí)間表

    據《瞭望》新聞周刊最新了解到的權威信息,高層已就推進(jìn)事業(yè)單位分類(lèi)改革作了全國性的整體改革部署,改革時(shí)間表也已確定。這項涉及包括離退休人員在內的4000萬(wàn)“事業(yè)人”的改革,終于正式開(kāi)閘。

    在國家行政學(xué)院教授宋世明看來(lái),事業(yè)單位的分類(lèi)改革可謂“甩掉兩頭、留下中間(中堅)”。所謂分類(lèi)改革,即按照社會(huì )功能將現有事業(yè)單位劃分為承擔行政職能、從事生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)和從事公益服務(wù)三個(gè)類(lèi)別。

    參考譯文:

    Reform of public institutions scheduled

    According to the authoritative sources secured from Outlook Weekly, a Chinese news magazine, the Chinese Government has set forth a blueprint and detailed timetable for the reform of public institutions nationwide. The reform to be officially launched will involve more than 40,000,000 "public-sector employees", including those who have already retired with or without honors. As noted by Song Shiming, a professor with Chinese Academy of Governance, the reform based on types is aimed at "removing both ends to keep the middle (or skins to keep the core)". According to their social functions, current institutions shall be classified into three categories: institutions with administrative functions, institutions operating commercial businesses and institutions engaging in social services.

    這段譯文中首先有一個(gè)難纏的詞匯,那就是“事業(yè)單位”,如果看新華社的英文稿件,很容易發(fā)現它的英語(yǔ)對應翻譯就是public institutions或institutions,《漢英詞典》只收了institutions,《新時(shí)代漢英大詞典》兩個(gè)翻譯都有收入,然而在行文中,這個(gè)詞的翻譯并非如此簡(jiǎn)單。在網(wǎng)絡(luò )上,有人提出把“事業(yè)單位”翻譯成non-profit organizations或non-governmental organizations,但從體制上說(shuō),中國的事業(yè)單位現在類(lèi)似于機關(guān)(administrative organs of the government)。另外有人建議把事業(yè)單位翻譯成public-sector organizations,public sector在美國指提供公共基礎服務(wù)的國有企業(yè)或者接受政府外包的私有企業(yè),這些部門(mén)的人員當然不是公務(wù)員,而我們國家事業(yè)單位人員應該屬于準公務(wù)員,就事業(yè)單位介于政府機關(guān)和企業(yè)之間的性質(zhì)而言,和美國的public sector也存在一定的對應關(guān)系。術(shù)語(yǔ)的完全對等很困難,有時(shí)候我們被迫賦予一些詞匯新的含義以使其對應源語(yǔ)詞匯包含的語(yǔ)義??紤]到public institutions長(cháng)期被使用的情況,所以這里翻譯“事業(yè)單位”時(shí)還是以institutions為主,在行文中兼及public sector等說(shuō)法。

    “離退休人員”中的“離休”是中國特色,但這個(gè)翻譯不難,就是retire with honors。 “甩掉兩頭、留下中間(中堅)”包含雙關(guān),直譯比較困難,有的網(wǎng)友干脆略去不譯,筆者的譯文removing both ends to keep the middle (or skins to keep the core)也沒(méi)有能夠譯出原文的語(yǔ)音雙關(guān),這也是翻譯的遺憾。


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